Abstract
The Liver is an important organ of the body for carbohydrate metabolism which include ureogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis. The pituitary hormone vasopressin mediates its actions on the carbohydrate metabolism through the V 1 receptors expressed in the Liver. The vasopressin V 1 receptors are coupled to the phospholipase C mediated signalling pathway. In this article, the focus is on the effects of vasopressin on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Aldose reductase (ALD) enzyme activity in the Liver. It also stresses on the role of calcineurin phosphatase which may be involved in ROS generation. The possible homeostatic balance between superoxide generation and polyol pathway during liver injury and the role of vasopressin hormone is also discussed
Highlights
Vasopressin receptors V1a are expressed in the liver and arginine vasopressin (AVP), in addition to its well-known antidiuretic effects, is involved in the regulation of many other functions in liver processes such as ureogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis [1,2,3]
This decrease in blood volume triggers the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system; the resultant cascade of events causes the release of arginine vasopressin AVP, which is known as the antidiuretic hormone
Recent studies demonstrate that besides reducing glucose to sorbitol, Aldose reductase efficiently reduces lipid aldehydes and their conjugates with GSH. This has opened new dimensions in understanding the detoxification of reactive aldehydes generated during lipid peroxidation
Summary
Vasopressin receptors V1a are expressed in the liver and arginine vasopressin (AVP), in addition to its well-known antidiuretic effects, is involved in the regulation of many other functions in liver processes such as ureogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis [1,2,3]. The Aldose reductase (ALD) is an important enzyme in the polyol pathway. It was first described by Hers in 1956. Endogenous vasopressin hormone and its receptors in the liver may possibly play an important role in the actions of ALD/SOD systems. This review focusses on the role of the oxidative stress and polyol pathway during liver injury and possible importance of the vasopressin hormone and its receptor antagonists. Increasing endogenous O2− production by 50% and can have a biological effect, and cause an increase in V1A receptor expression [4] The consequence of this is a higher responsiveness of the tissue to AVP, resulting in increased vasoconstriction in blood vessels. The potential mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect have not been completed elucidated
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