Abstract
A new method of altered ilmenite processing has been studied. In this method, sulfuric acid is used as the reaction medium of the process, and fluoride ions are activators of the dissolving process of the rutile part of the ore raw material. The regression model of the sulfate–fluoride leaching process was developed and analyzed by using the response surface method of 23 matrix. The obtained model is adequate and well describes the studied process. The influence of Ti:F molar ratio, temperature, and sulfuric acid concentration on the leaching process are investigated in this work in order to optimize the studied process. It is experimentally proved that leaching at temperatures above 100 °C, at a molar ratio of Ti:F of more than 1:2, and the use of solutions of sulfuric acid with concentrations of more than 85 wt.% is not optimal because the extraction degree of titanium is reduced. The intensification of the process of sulfuric acid leaching by dividing the main stage of chemical dissolution of ilmenite into two stages was proposed. This method allows to leach up to 95.9% of titanium, which is 1.6–1.9 times higher in comparison with the classical technology of leaching altered ilmenite.
Highlights
Published: 27 October 2021Titanium is one of the most common elements in the earth’s crust, in terms of content it ranks ninth among 88 other elements
As part of the idea of chemical activation of the process, we proved the positive effect of fluoride ions on the efficiency of altered ilmenite leaching with sulfuric acid, which was confirmed by calculations of the thermodynamic probability of reactions [46,47] and kinetic studies of the process [16]
The titanium content in ilmenite concentrate was determined by the traditional gravimetric method with the following procedure: a weighed portion of the ilmenite concentrate was dissolved at heating in sulfuric acid with the addition of hydrofluoric acid until complete dissolution; the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ was carried out by adding metallic iron; the precipitation of metatitanic acid was carried out at pH = 2–3, which was adjusted by adding a solution of NH4 OH; the precipitate was filtered off and washed to remove
Summary
Titanium is one of the most common elements in the earth’s crust, in terms of content it ranks ninth among 88 other elements. Titanium metal is one of the most common structural metals (titanium metal ranks fourth after aluminum, iron, and magnesium), and titanium dioxide pigment is used in paints, cosmetics, plastics, rubber, textiles, and in the food industry [1,2]. One of the raw materials of both titanium metal and titanium dioxide is ilmenite. Most of the ilmenite is processed to produce TiO2 pigment Of ilmenite FeTiO3 ) [3,4]. During this process, the oxidation of ferrous iron occurs, and, as a consequence, the molar ratio in the raw material changes to
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