Intelligent Controller Design and Fault Prediction for Renewable Energy Sources Using Bi-directional GRU and GEO Methods

Abstract

RES (Renewable energy sources) play a crucial role demand in meeting the increasing for green energy due to the scarcity of fossil fuels. Voltage fluctuations and power fluctuations caused by uncertain RES can negatively impact the stability of the electrical system and damage electrical devices. To address this issue, a solid state transformer (SST) is proposed as a solution. The SST acts as interface between RES and the power grid, with multiple converters that can be adjusted to maintain required voltage levels. This study focuses on the design of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) controller to improve the power injection RES quality of RES and enhance stability system through coordinated control with the SST. A commercial PI controller is optimized for SPV applications using the IEEE 39 standard bus as a test case. The proposed controller is evaluated for performance considering time delay and diverse solar radiation patterns. Simulation results demonstrate that the control coordinated the proposed SST and SPV effectively reduces power fluctuations caused by uncertain RES and prevents catastrophic damage to electrical devices during large disturbances. This study suggests that the proposed controllers offer viable solutions to address transient stability challenges in contemporary electricity grids with increased RES penetration.