Integrative single‐cell analysis uncovers distinct tumour microenvironment ecotypes and immune evasion across skin cancers

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Cutaneous SCC Microenvironment Are Heterogeneously Activated

The tumor genetics of acral melanoma: What should a dermatologist know?

Progress in Dermatology: Cutaneous Oncology in Organ Transplant Recipients: Meeting the Challenge of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin cancer diagnosis and surgical management in general practice

Though the immune system plays a crucial role in skin cancer development, associations between immune-related diseases and skin cancer have not been well studied in racial and ethnic minorities. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between various immune-related diseases and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) diagnoses within the diverse “All of Us” Research Program cohort. It included 307,451 adult participants with electronic health record (EHR) data enrolled from 2017-2023. Participant EHRs were used to determine immune-related diseases and skin cancer diagnoses. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors such as smoking history, in addition to health insurance status, educational attainment, history of photosensitivity, history of organ transplant, as well as UV exposure at residence. R v4.0.5 was utilized to conduct the analysis. 8,107 participants with BCC, 4,102 with SCC and 2,461 with MM were identified. Personal history of any immune-related disease was significantly associated with all skin cancer types (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals -- BCC: 1.27 [1.20-1.33]; SCC:1.38 [1.29-1.49]; MM: 1.55 [1.42-1.69]). Rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, type I diabetes, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis were each associated with the three skin cancer types. Multiple sclerosis, Sjogren’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, vitiligo, and psoriasis were associated with at least one skin cancer. Systemic lupus, scleroderma, alopecia areata, and atopic dermatitis were not associated with any skin cancer. In non-White participants alone (n=133,144; 43.3%), history of any immune-related disease was similarly significantly associated with all three skin cancer types. These findings suggest that the history of several immune-related diseases is associated with skin cancer, including among racial/ethnic minorities, and thus increased skin cancer surveillance in these patient populations may be indicated. Citation Format: Erica M. Lin, Sara Ragi, Rachel Lim, Shirley Lin, Isabelle Moseley, Abrar Qureshi, Eunyoung Cho. Immune-related diseases and skin cancer in a racially and ethnically diverse US-based population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A023.

Every year, millions of people climb in various states of undress into warm, glowing tanning beds, where during a typical 2- to 15-minute session they’ll absorb a controlled dose of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at an intensity up to two to three times stronger than the sunlight striking the equator at noon. The tanning industry has grown rapidly since the 1980s,1 rising to an estimated 28 million users in the United States.2 This rise has been accompanied by an increase in diagnoses of skin cancer. The reasons behind the rising skin cancer diagnoses remain open to debate. Some experts attribute the rise to more frequent skin cancer screening, whereas others blame environmental and behavioral risk factors, particularly changes in UV exposure. In this latter context, UV-emitting tanning beds—classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)3—have come under growing scrutiny. People tan to look healthy, but looks can be deceiving; UV radiation causes all three types of skin cancer. Melanoma, a tumor of the cells that produce the skin pigment melanin, is the rarest but deadliest type, accounting for 75% of skin cancer deaths worldwide.4 According to the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, melanoma incidence among U.S. whites (who develop the disease more often than other races) rose from 8.7 cases per 100,000 people in 1975 to 28 cases per 100,000 in 2009.5 Most of that increase occurred in older men, who rarely tan indoors. But a closer look at the age-stratified SEER data reveals that melanoma rates among white girls and women aged 15–39 rose by 3.6% per year between 1992 and 2006, compared with a 2% increase per year among boys and men of the same ages.6 Although they’re not tracked by SEER, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)—the other two types of skin cancer—also appear to be on the rise, according to regional studies from the United States and Europe. A recent study by Anne Marie Skellett, a consulting dermatologist at Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, reveals that BCC diagnoses among people under age 30 in the United Kingdom jumped 145% between 1981 and 2006.7 Statistics such as these have prompted 33 U.S. states and some municipalities to ban or restrict indoor tanning among children under age 18.8 California’s ban, signed into law in October 2011, was the first,9 followed by Vermont in April 201210 and the city of Chicago the following June.11 Other states have introduced legislation to limit indoor tanning among minors.8 Melanoma in the United States Scanning electron micrograph of a melanoma cell magnified 8,000 times Mary Brady, an associate professor of surgery at Weill Medical College in New York and the author of an editorial on indoor tanning that appeared in the May 2012 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology,12 says the bans make sense. “We legislate against smoking in kids less than 18, and that sends a strong message that there’s something wrong with it,” she says. “We need to send the same message on indoor tanning.” But the bans have drawn a backlash from the tanning bed industry, whose representatives say they’ve been unfairly and incorrectly singled out. John Overstreet, executive director at the Indoor Tanning Association in Washington, DC, describes the evidence linking indoor tanning to skin cancer as speculation and advocacy science reported by the media as fact. He points out that UV light triggers skin cells to produce vitamin D, which may have cancer-protective effects. “It’s frustrating,” he says. “There’s no doubt that repeated overexposure to UV or burning can cause skin problems, but you also have to look at the health benefits, and that issue always gets lost.”

Predictors of Basal Cell Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients in the VATTC (VA Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention) Trial

Association Between Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis-Associated Human Papillomavirus DNA in Plucked Eyebrow Hair and Solar Keratoses

Journal Article Melanoma susceptibility variants on chromosome 20q11.22 are associated with pigmentary traits and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer Get access H. Nan, H. Nan Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthChanning Laboratory, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.A. Qureshi, A.A. Qureshi Channing Laboratory, Department of MedicineDepartment of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A. E‐mail: hnan@hsph.harvard.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Han J. Han Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthChanning Laboratory, Department of MedicineDepartment of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A. E‐mail: hnan@hsph.harvard.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 2, 1 February 2010, Pages 461–463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09579.x Published: 01 February 2010

Diuretics and skin cancer

Human keratinocyte carcinomas have distinct differences in their tumor-associated macrophages

BackgroundWhile ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is a recognized risk factor for skin cancer, associations are complex and few studies have allowed a direct comparison of exposure profiles associated with cutaneous melanoma, basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) within a single population.MethodsWe examined associations between UV exposures and skin cancer risk in a nested case-control study within E3N, a prospective cohort of 98,995 French women born in 1925–1950. In 2008, a lifetime UV exposure questionnaire was sent to all reported skin cancer cases and three controls per case, which were matched on age, county of birth, and education. Analyses were performed using conditional logistic regression and included 366 melanoma cases, 1,027 BCC cases, 165 SCC cases, and 3,647 controls.ResultsA history of severe sunburns <25 years was associated with increased risks of all skin cancers (melanoma: OR 2.7; BCC: OR 1.7; SCC: OR 2.0 for ≥6 sunburns vs. none), while sunburns ≥25 years were associated with BCC and SCC only. While high-sun protection factor sunscreen use before age 25 was associated with lower BCC risk (Ptrend = 0.02), use since age 25 and reapplication of sunscreen were associated with higher risks of all three types of skin cancer. There were positive linear associations between total UV score and risks of BCC (Ptrend = 0.01) and SCC (Ptrend = 0.09), but not melanoma. While recreational UV score was strongly associated with BCC, total and residential UV scores were more strongly associated with SCC.ConclusionsMelanoma, BCC, and SCC are associated with different sun exposure profiles in women.

The magnitude of COVID-19's effect on the timely management of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers

Although cutaneous melanoma has been widely evaluated, data elucidating the clinical features and prognostic factors of cutaneous metastatic melanoma are limited. To determine and compare the clinicoprognostic features of cutaneous metastasis in acral and nonacral melanoma. The Asan Medical Center database was reviewed for cases of cutaneous metastatic melanoma that had been confirmed by skin biopsy between January 1996 and December 2017. Cutaneous metastasis occurred in 12.4% (61 of 492 cases) of our cohort. The frequency of cutaneous metastasis was higher in nonacral melanoma than that in acral melanoma. The mean duration between the initial diagnosis of a primary tumor and cutaneous dissemination was 19.8months. Cutaneous metastasis developed earlier during the disease course in acral melanoma than that in nonacral melanoma. Cutaneous metastasis was more disseminated, involving multiple anatomy sites in nonacral melanoma than that in acral melanoma. In-transit metastasis was significantly more common in acral melanoma than that in nonacral melanoma. The disease stage at the time of cutaneous metastasis was not significantly different between acral and nonaral melanoma. In-transit metastasis was commonly associated with visceral involvement in acral melanoma but not in nonacral melanoma. The extent and multiplicity of cutaneous metastasis were dependent on the status of other viscera during the cutaneous metastasis. No significant difference in survival during the cutaneous metastasis was observed between acral and nonacral melanoma. Clinicoprognostic features of cutaneous metastasis were different between acral and nonacral melanoma.

Tanning beds are used by 30 million Americans each year. The use of tanning beds has been shown to increase the risk of skin cancers in previous epidemiological studies. A 2007 meta-analysis by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reported positive associations of ever-use of tanning beds with increased risks of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In 2009, the IARC classified UV radiation from tanning beds as human carcinogen (group 1). However, risk effect of indoor tanning on basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most prevalent skin cancer in Caucasians, has been inconclusive. Besides, evidence for a dose-response relationship with melanoma and SCC was inconsistent across previous studies. In this study, using a large and well-characterized cohort in the U.S., the Nurses' Health Study II, we followed up 73,494 female nurses for 20 years and investigated the frequency of tanning bed use during high school/college, at age 25–35, as well as the overall average usage during both periods in relation to three types of skin cancer (BCC, melanoma, and SCC). We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each type of skin cancer. During follow-up, 5,526 BCC cases, 348 melanoma cases, and 400 SCC cases developed. We found highly significantly elevated risk of BCC among participants who used tanning beds either during high school/college or at ages 25–35 (p &amp;lt; 0.001). The multivariable-adjusted HR for 1 time/year use was 1.10 (95% CI 1.08–1.12) with the use during high school/college and 1.06 (95% CI 1.04–1.07) with the use at ages 25–35. A dose-response effect was detected for all three types of skin cancers, with the multivariable-adjusted HRs for average 1 time/year use during both periods of 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03–1.05; p &amp;lt; 0.001) for BCC, 1.03 (95% CI, 0.995 − 1.06; p = 0.09) for melanoma, and 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02–1.08; p = 0.002) for SCC. Compared to individuals who used tanning beds from ages 25–35, we found a significantly higher risk of BCC for those who used it during high school/college (p for heterogeneity = 0.002). Of note, for those with &amp;gt; 6 times/year use, the multivariable-adjusted HR of BCC compared to non-users was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.23–1.49) at ages 25–35 and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.60–2.08) during high school/college (p for heterogeneity &amp;lt; 0.001). Our data provide strong evidence for an association between tanning bed use and the risk of skin cancers with a dose-response effect, especially for BCC. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B86.