Abstract
Simple SummaryIn this work, we aimed to determine the genetic diversity of Haplothrips leucanthemi and H. niger. The latter is recognized as a parthenogenetic form of H. leucanthemi and is also considered to be a pest in clover-seed plantations. Molecular analyses were performed at both the mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear levels (28S and ITS2). Additionally, as a part of an integrative approach, we determined and analyzed their microbiota profiles, based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Haplothrips niger is recognized as a parthenogenetic form of H. leucanthemi and is also considered to be a pest in clover-seed plantations. On the contrary, some researchers highlight the distinctiveness of H. niger and H. leucanthemi. Taking into account these two points of view, as well as the lack of molecular studies investigating the relationship between the mentioned thrips, we decided to perform analyses of both mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear markers (28S and ITS2) to determine the genetic diversity of H. leucanthemi and H. niger. Additionally, as a part of an integrative approach, we determined and analyzed their microbiota profiles, based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of the molecular analyses revealed high intraspecific diversity of H. leucanthemi and did not support the distinctiveness of H. niger. The identified microbiota profiles were similar in both species and the performed analyses also did not support the distinctiveness of H. niger. Significant differences were, in turn, observed between H. leucanthemi and H. niger larvae. Moreover, two known endosymbiotic bacteria were found in the analyzed microbiota profiles (i.e., Wolbachia and Rickettsia). Nevertheless, these symbionts were not predominantly found in the bacterial communities that are associated with H. niger and thus, its impact on the parthenogenetic mode of its reproduction seems less likely.
Highlights
Both mentioned species can be distinguished by morphological characteristics, the determined genetic distance between them is low, and not all of the applied delimitation methods indicate them as distinct species [8]
The microbiota profiling performed in the present study revealed the presence of two known endosymbiotic bacteria (i.e., Wolbachia and Rickettsia) in the tested bacterial communities
An integrative approach based on the analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers and microbiota profiling was used to determine the relationships between H
Summary
Many thrips species that are currently considered to be synonymous have been described based only on their color, body size, or sexual and alary dimorphism [2,3]. Those issues have been recognized, e.g., for the genus Haplothrips (inter alia for H. davisi and H. fissus, H. robustus and H. sesuvii, or H. tritici and H. cerealis species pairs) [2,4–6]. A study based on DNA barcoding has been applied in order to evaluate the relationships between two morphospecies: H. andresi and H. gowdeyi Both mentioned species can be distinguished by morphological characteristics, the determined genetic distance between them is low, and not all of the applied delimitation methods indicate them as distinct species [8]
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