Abstract

自传记忆的功能研究主要来自临床、人格和认知三大领域,它们在研究对象、术语、方法和结果等方面存在诸多差异。临床领域多以老年人为中心,研究的是忆旧的功能,主要从临床经验中进行理论归纳,提出了回忆的许多具体功能,一般通过RFS来测量,其洞见为实验研究提供了丰富的启示。人格领域关注叙事在人格的毕生成长中的作用,尤其是在同一性发展中的核心地位,以叙事连贯性为重要指标,发展了多种测评工具。认知领域侧重于自传记忆基本功能的分类和机制,提出了具有统摄力的功能分类,还提出了各种认知模型,为更深入理解自传记忆功能发挥的机制提供了理论框架。尽管有上述区别,但三个领域在研究和应用领域的整合已是大势所趋。最后从实验范式、生态效度、毕生与跨文化视角、整合思路及测量方法上对未来研究进行了展望。

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