Abstract
This study adopted common-path heterodyne interferometry and half-wave plates with high stability to propose a novel method for measuring small polarization rotation. Under an azimuth angle of 22.5°, evident phase changes are observed in a half-wave plate. Therefore, half-wave plates can be used to distinguish different types of materials with optical activities (e.g., various types of water) by observing the phase changes in these materials. In addition, a look-in amplifier can be used to determine the extent of phase changes, and related data can be recorded in a tabular form to derive equations for the relationship between the polarization rotation and different water types.
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