Abstract

The successful development of the digital economy, which we can observe since the advent of the internet, is closely related to progress in several "frontier technologies" (frontier technologies), among which the most important, according to the scientific community and international organizations, are such software-oriented technologies as blockchain, Big Data Analytics (Big Data), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud Computing (Cloud Computing), as well as specialized machine-oriented equipment: 3D printers, internet of Things devices (Internet of things Things, IoT), automation and robotics. Significant progress in the application of these technologies contributes to the growth of production capabilities, labor productivity, and capital return of both digital companies and enterprises of the non-digital economy while transforming their established business models and principles of generating income and expenses of companies. This makes it necessary to study the above technologies in detail from the point of view of analyzing their essence, role, and potential for use in various spheres of economic life. Although the term "blockchain" has recently entered scientific and public use, the idea of the technology appeared in the late 1980s, namely in 1989. Lamport proposed "a model for achieving consensus on results in a network of computers, where computers or the network itself can be unreliable". In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto proposed the concept of using a decentralized computer network to operate a P2P electronic money system. In the article "Bitcoin: a Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" published on the internet, the innovator described the algorithm of functioning of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency as a completely independent electronic cash system from a single issue Center, which does not require the trust (mediation) of a third party, but relies on direct operations between the parties to the transaction, protected by cryptographic encryption.

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