Abstract
This paper presents an integration design scheme and an optimization control strategy for electric wheels to suppress the in-wheel vibration and improve vehicle ride comfort. The in-wheel motor is considered as a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA), which is isolated from the unsprung mass by using a spring and a damper. The proposed DVA system is applicable for both the inner-rotor motor and outer-rotor motor. Parameters of the DVA system are optimized for the typical conditions, by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, to achieve an acceptable vibration performance. Further, the DVA actuator force is controlled by using the alterable-domain-based fuzzy control method, to adaptively suppress the wheel vibration and reduce the wallop acting on the in-wheel motor (IWM) as well. In addition, a suspension actuator force is also controlled, by using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method, to enhance the suspension performance and meanwhile improve vehicle ride comfort. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DVA system effectively suppresses the wheel vibration and simultaneously reduces the wallop acting on the IWM. Also, the alterable-domain-based fuzzy control method performs better than the conventional ones, and the LQR-based suspension exhibits excellent performance in vehicle ride comfort.
Highlights
In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have entered a new paradigm due to their advantages, compared to vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs), in terms of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness [1,2,3,4]
It is worthwhile to note that this study focuses on the control of the actuator force for vibration suppression, rather than the realization of the controlled force of the practical actuators, which differs in different types of actuators
We evaluate the control effectiveness based on the four evaluation indexes given by Equations (6)–(9), sprung mass vertical acceleration (SVA), motor vertical wallop (MVW), suspension dynamic deflection (SDD), and tire dynamics load (TDL)
Summary
Electric vehicles (EVs) have entered a new paradigm due to their advantages, compared to vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs), in terms of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness [1,2,3,4]. Energies 2017, 10, 2069 vehicle body to the wheels can increase each wheels’ mass by 30 kg or more [11] This large unsprung mass shall result in worsened wheel vibration and vehicle vertical performance [12], such as reduction of vehicle ride comfort [13], deterioration of road friendliness [14], reduction of motor reliability under the large wallop [15], and invalidation of suspension control methods [16]. For an IWMEV to improve vehicle ride comfort, in which the DVA was introduced as an additional component of electric wheel and, to a certain extent, shall further increase the unsprung mass.
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