Integrating physical and cognitive approaches: A scoping review of advanced training methods in basketball

BackgroundEnhancing quality of life (QoL) in older adults with physical limitations is a significant challenge for healthcare providers. One of the first steps to improving quality of life in older...

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses Cedric Price’s project to transform Two Tree Island, located in the Thames Estuary, into a leisure complex. The plan, drafted between 1971 and 1973 and which never materialized, was produced against a background of alternative planning theory discussions that were prevalent in Britain during the 1960s and the early 1970s. From a historical point of view, Two Tree Island is an illuminating example of the conceptual depth with which the notion of the environmental design was being used. Despite an undeniable lack of precision in the use of data and descriptors, the project is still of conceptual interest because of the way it defines the landscape based on the convergence of physical and cognitive approaches.

Disability in Adolescents and Adults Diagnosed With Hypermobility-Related Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

IntroductionMedical students may experience test anxiety associated with ‘high stakes’ exams, such as Step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination.MethodsWe collected qualitative responses about test anxiety at three points in time from 93 second-year medical students engaged in studying for and taking Step 1.ResultsCauses of test anxiety as reported by students were related to negative self-talk during preparation for the exam. Effects of anxiety had to do with emotional well-being, cognitive functioning, and physical well-being. Strategies included socializing with others and a variety of cognitive and physical approaches. Comparison of individuals’ strategies with causes and effects showed some congruence, but substantial incongruence between the types of strategies chosen and the reported causes and effects of test anxiety.DiscussionStudents’ adoption of a ‘menu’ of strategies rather than one or two carefully selected strategies suggest inefficiencies that might be addressed by interventions, such as advisor-directed conversations with students and incorporating student self-assessment and strategies for managing anxiety within courses on test-taking. Such interventions are in need of further study. An annotated list of evidence-based strategies would be helpful to students and educators. Most important, test anxiety should be viewed by medical educators as a ‘real’ experience, and students would benefit from educator support.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A fisioterapia vem ao longo dos anos mostrando um importante papel no tratamento de pacientes com dor. Diversos mecanismos neurofisiologicos ja foram propostos para explicar a modulacao da dor por meio de abordagens fisicas e cognitivas comportamentais, porem necessitam ser mais bem explorados pelo fisioterapeuta. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar os principais mecanismos de acao e efeitos das tecnicas fisioterapeuticas para o tratamento da dor. CONTEUDO: Estudos refletem sobre os mecanismos de acao e efeitos da fisioterapia durante as etapas de processamento da dor no sistema nervoso. Para organizar as informacoes, os mecanismos e teorias foram agrupados em estacoes perifericas e centrais. Ja os efeitos foram agrupados nos sistemas motor, simpatico e hormonal, efeitos psicofisiologicos e placebo. CONCLUSAO: Diversos mecanismos e efeitos podem ser influenciados pelas tecnicas fisicas e cognitivas comportamentais da fisioterapia, contribuindo para o tratamento de pacientes com dor e facilitando a escolha das tecnicas com base nos mecanismos clinicos identificados.

In the coming generation, older adults with bipolar disorder (BD) will increase in absolute numbers as well as proportion of the general population. This is the first report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorder (ISBD) Task Force on Older-Age Bipolar Disorder (OABD). This task force report addresses the unique aspects of OABD including epidemiology and clinical features, neuropathology and biomarkers, physical health, cognition, and care approaches. The report describes an expert consensus summary on OABD that is intended to advance the care of patients, and shed light on issues of relevance to BD research across the lifespan. Although there is still a dearth of research and health efforts focused on older adults with BD, emerging data have brought some answers, innovative questions, and novel perspectives related to the notion of late onset, medical comorbidity, and the vexing issue of cognitive impairment and decline. Improving our understanding of the biological, clinical, and social underpinnings relevant to OABD is an indispensable step in building a complete map of BD across the lifespan.

The article presents a comprehensive physical rehabilitation program for elderly people with cognitive impairments of varying severity after acute cerebrovascular accident (ACS). In particular, the emphasis is on restoring memory, attention, thinking, and spatial orientation – cognitive functions that often suffer after ACS and significantly affect the quality of life of patients. The proposed program includes an individualized approach to patients, adaptation of the load depending on their condition, gradual complication of exercises and control over the level of cognitive load, effective methods and approaches to rehabilitation based on modern scientific research. The implementation of such methods in rehabilitation departments contributes to improving the quality of life of elderly people, reducing the risk of repeated strokes and increasing their social activity [4]. Combining physical exercise with cognitive stimulation helps to gradually restore memory, attention, and the ability to make independent decisions, which is critical for maintaining independence in old age. Regular training on balance platforms, movement therapy, and specialized sensory exercises help patients regain confidence in their abilities, improve coordination, and reduce the risk of falls, which are one of the main threats for people after a stroke. In addition to the physical aspects, such a program has a powerful psycho-emotional impact. It helps reduce the level of anxiety, depression, and social isolation that often accompany the post-stroke period. Communication with a multidisciplinary team of specialists, participation in group classes, involvement in an active lifestyle – all this helps people to feel their significance and desire to be part of society again [1]. The article contains recommendations for physical exercises, therapeutic techniques, and comprehensive approaches that help restore memory, attention, thinking, and other cognitive functions, facilitating adaptation to a full life after a stroke.

Artificial intelligence is a transformational technology affecting healthcare. With the emergence of artificial intelligence, revolutionary innovations have occurred in defence, finance, communication and healthcare. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the health field; data analysis and integration of data into health services facilitate the adoption of technology by health professionals in diagnosis, treatment and patient care. Many interventions applied in the hospital and hospitalisation, which is the environment where healthcare services are provided, can cause fear, pain, anxiety and trauma in pediatric patients. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the stress factors caused by illness and hospitalisation in newborns and children and to minimise these traumatic experiences. In addition to pharmacological methods, non-pharmacological methods are also used during the implementation of painful clinical procedures. Non-pharmacological methods are effective in reducing the rate of analgesic use, eliminating or reducing pain problems, and improving patients' quality of life. Non-pharmacological methods used in pain control of pediatric patients include behavioural, cognitive, combined cognitive-behavioural, physical and emotional approaches. As a non-pharmacological method, artificial intelligence, which has been widely used in the field of medicine in recent years, helps health professionals shape their practices, and its use is becoming increasingly important. With the use of artificial intelligence assessment tools and machine learning, more objective assessment results will be obtained in pain assessment, nurse workload will decrease and thus the time allocated for care will increase. In this context, this review aims to investigate the results of studies on the effect of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in pain assessment of pediatric patients.

The purpose of this study was to review the current information on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Severe fatigue is common among individuals with RA and has a significant impact on quality of life (QOL). RA-related factors (e.g., inflammation, pain) are associated with greater fatigue, but other factors, such as obesity, physical inactivity, sleep disturbance, and depression, explain the majority of variation in fatigue. Medications targeting RA have little effect on fatigue. Instead, the most effective interventions seem to address non-RA-specific factors such as physical inactivity or use cognitive behavioral approaches. No recommendations have been made for tools to measure fatigue in RA, leading to potential difficulty comparing studies. Although fatigue has great impact on patients' QOL, effective interventions that are feasible for broad dissemination remain elusive. Additional multi-faceted research is needed to identify modifiable sources of fatigue. Such research would be enhanced by harmonization of fatigue measurement across studies.

Counseling techniques are an important part of genetic counseling, and teaching of the humanistic person-centered philosophy has been central to genetic counselor (GC) training. However, other psychotherapeutic approaches, especially cognitive approaches, may also be beneficial for the GC to have in their toolkit. This paper reports on a co-production workshop with newly qualified GCs where the potential for adopting more cognitive approaches informed by cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was explored. Attendees were taught about the approaches and the rationale for their use in genetic counseling and had a chance to discuss their reactions and ideas for application. The attendees saw great potential for the approaches within their practice, feeling that these short interventions can have a wide impact, including engaging patients who do not want to discuss feelings, helping people to make sense of information (not just gain knowledge), and helping people to change the relationship they have with their thoughts. They were able to identify when they already use some cognitive approaches in their practice, and to see how they could build on this to provide better patient care. The paper advocates for an introduction to CBT and ACT to be incorporated into pre-qualification training, and for more advanced training to be available to post-qualification GCs.

Methods A scoping review of research studies identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL and graduate theses identified using Google Scholar was conducted to determine studies and systematic reviews that addressed the management of psychological aspects of shoulder pain with or without neck pain. The search terms included psychological factors, anxiety, depression, catastrophic thinking, fear of movement, and psychological treatments. Two investigators screened study titles and abstracts. Data extraction, content analysis, and thematic coding focused on the dimensions of pain addressed (emotional, behavioural, and cognitive) and treatment approaches used (dimensions targeted, specific treatment parameters) and the linkage between treatment targets/rationale with interventions/outcomes measured. Results Ten studies (seven randomized trials and three cohorts) were identified that addressed the psychological aspects of shoulder pain. Out of seven RCTs, four compared psychological interventions with usual care. Eight studies used cognitive approaches, including emotional freedom techniques (EFT), pain coping strategies (PCS), physical-cognitive-mindfulness training (PCMT), psychological flexibility, face-to-face cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT), and cognitive therapy using virtual reality (V.R.). Three studies used the behavioural approaches as their intervention, including behavioural therapy and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET). Pain intensity was addressed as the primary outcome in two studies and as a secondary outcome in five studies. Cognitive factors were evaluated in 50% of the articles using nine different measures. Emotional factors were evaluated in 80% of articles using ten different measures. Reduction of pain intensity and catastrophic thinking concerning pain was achieved in most studies using a biopsychosocial approach (70%). Applying a behavioural approach was associated with reductions in kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing. Cognitive approaches had a positive association with reductions in the emotional aspect of pain. Only one study specifically linked rationale or specific physical and psychosocial treatment targets with the treatments provided and outcomes measured. Conclusions Small pools of studies indicate that the rationale and treatment targeting are poorly defined in biopsychosocial interventions for shoulder pain. However, these benefits have been demonstrated when cognitive or behavioural components are added to the standard physical treatment of shoulder pain. A better definition of treatment targets, description of intervention components, and linkage of outcomes to targets are needed to advance our understanding of optimizing bio-psychosocial approaches.

The article deals with the goal-setting process within the framework of the strategic planning in the perspective of the staffing in the science and industry. It provides justification for the implementation of the risk-protected technology in the public administration. The article considers the methodological and practical facets of this process including the possibilities of reengineering in executive bodies and the application of artificial intelligence based on the modern expert systems. It investigates the semiotic approach for modeling uncertainty factors in the computing environment and the transition from linguistic variables to computing with words as well as the application of the logical-linguistic models and the cognitive approach in the system of the strategic planning and staffing.

In the ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines, preoccupation has been introduced as the new core symptom of adjustment disorder. Despite this essential innovation, preoccupation has so far largely been defined as rumination and worry and does not feature a distinct character as an independent symptom. In order to investigate the nature of preoccupation, various cognitive approaches are evaluated and linked to preoccupation. Furthermore, the aim of this review is to define preoccupation more precisely and to distinguish it from other symptoms in psychopathology. The evaluation of key features of cognitive dissonance theory, attention bias theory, memory theories, and other cognitive paradigms indicates that preoccupation is constituted by a complex interaction of cognitive–emotional mechanisms. In addition, this review implies that preoccupation in AjD can be defined as stressor‐related factual thinking, which is time‐consuming and often associated with negative emotions. It is assumed that rumination and dysfunctional worry serve as reactive processes to cope with preoccupation. For further distinction, this review presents similarities and differences of preoccupation and other symptoms, including negative automatic thoughts, flashbacks, and yearning. Finally, implications and suggestions for future research on preoccupation are offered. Overall, it is plausible that preoccupation is not only associated with adjustment disorder but also possesses a transdiagnostic character.

Each category of disability includes a different type of training that meets your needs. Therefore it is important that each trainer is able to make adequate methodological-didactic decisions, resorting to an ecological and/or cognitive approach, depending on the objectives to be achieved. The following research aims to study the differences in the theories-methods of sprint training (100 meters) adopted in the different categories of athletes: elite able-bodied and disabled athlete. The method adopted is the archival research with the comparison of selected scientific product selected through the revision in the specific topics. The described data contains elements of the different physical characteristics of each athlete, the limits, the possibilities that each one possesses and the organic-muscular adaptations. In conclusion, it is possible to affirm that this implies a personal adaptation to the training method, capable to enhancing all types of athletes according to their specific characteristics.

After a brief description of the state of the art, this paper presents new methods of process-oriented translation training. The different instruments used in class, such as questionnaires and other tools, the learning outcome of these methods and the improvement of proficiency achieved by these means, constitute the core of the paper. The third and final part deals with the preliminary results of an interdisciplinary research project with the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital of Geneva, and the prospects for applying this type of research to translation training.