Integrating graph neural networks and LSTM for path optimization in smart port multi-modal systems

Shipping is facing huge pressure problems in this 21st century such as climate change and environmental pollution and the depletion of energy resources. Seaports are an important component of the shipping industry architecture. Although there is no common solution, seaports around the globe face the same challenge. Challenges raised include difficulties in integrating new technology into automation, traffic congestion, harmonizing residential communities around the port, quantifying and reducing CO2 emissions as well as planning for the energy transition. In addition, improving the adaptability of the port infrastructure in the context of increased pressure from market demand, labor shortage, and escalating prices should be considered. In that context, a smart port was born as a necessity. However, the understanding of smart ports is very limited. This review examines the recently published smart port literature to clarify the common concepts of smart ports and their development progress on the way to building a sustainable seaport ecosystem. Although smart port metrics and key port performance metrics are organized around four key performance areas including operations, environment, energy, and safety. However, a comprehensive review of all four key areas is very broad and difficult to cover in a review article. Therefore, this work focuses on analyzing and discussing the approaches and applications of the technology in smart port energy management systems. Our research has shown that different smart port founding perspectives play a decisive role in technology approaches to building a port energy management system including optimizing algorithms for energy consumption, balancing demand and energy production, and comprehensively integrating renewable energy. New findings in this study contribute to the elucidation of smart port concepts based on improving energy use and management efficiency with innovative technologies in the context of sustainable development of the shipping industry.

With rapid technological innovations spurred by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), today’s seaports are pressured to transform the way they operate in order to handle traffic flows. Such a transformation calls for the development of a smart port system. Despite the growing interest in smart ports, their underlying framework, architecture, and potential ramifications for port productivity are not well documented in the maritime logistics literature. To help port communities better comprehend smart port concepts and successfully develop a smart port within a global supply chain, this paper synthesizes core smart port concepts, designs underlying architecture, and proposes specific milestones for monitoring the smart port development project. We use content analysis and then we identify key success factors (e.g., essential components for the smart port architecture, value propositions, smart port performance metrics) for the establishment and sustainable growth of the smart port. The paper also aims to provide practical guidance for dealing with smart port challenges and opportunities. Our research reveals that a smart port reduces port-user response time, improves port asset utilization, and enhances maritime logistics visibility by automating and integrating end-to-end port operations digitally without human intervention.

Autonomous ports and digital ports are a modern trend of global commercial ports that are established to develop toward smart ports in many ports. Smart port indicators (SPIs) are used as important tools for measuring, encouraging, and indicating smart port performance. These are the main indicators to operate smart port management as the practical direction and port development planning are enclosed. This research aims to identify the SPIs and to develop a conceptual model of smart port performance in a case study of The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) in Thailand. Triangulation data are used in the data collection with three sources: the reviewed literature of five international databases in 2016–2021, participant observations, and in-depth interviews. Content analysis is utilized to analyze these data to develop a conceptual model approach. The findings of this research are shown in three main domains classified as smart port operation, smart port environment/energy, and smart port safety/security. These indicators represent 29 SPIs for developing smart port performance, which can be explained with a conceptual model. This information will exist as the foundation framework guiding Thai smart ports towards international standards of smart port efficiency.

Multi-aspect applications and development challenges of digital twin-driven management in global smart ports

How smart port design influences port efficiency – A DEA-Tobit approach

Smart port: A bibliometric review and future research directions

The port is an important transportation hub of maritime transport, recently developing smart ship transport for the smart port. Therefore, smart port indicators (SPIs) are crucial for smart port development. Applying SPIs for port management improves the overall port performance, reduces environmental pollution, as well as promoting port safety and innovation. This research aims at confirming the smart port indicators and defining the primary strategies for smart port performance in Thailand. We have employed a questionnaire survey as a method of data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis of respondents' general information and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been used to test the key domains and indicators for confirming the dominant and verify the relationship of these indicators to the domains to which the indicator belongs. The results obtained comprise three main domains: smart port operation, smart port environment/energy, and smart port safety/security, using primary nineteen SPIs measurements. Furthermore, this research results have succeeded in introducing port operation to performance management in smart ports, thereby ensuring and facilitating port practice planning.

In a globalized economy, the present era has become the era of the smart economy where efficiency, adaptability, innovation and customer satisfaction are important factors besides revenue growth. These maritime developments have been accompanied by IT developments in managing their operations through smart applications and port switching from a traditional port The Smart Port competes with others to provide technology services to the port community while achieving sustainability in the supply chain and the impact of this on the competitiveness and productivity and facilitate trade. Environmental responsibility is one of the most important considerations that the ports are concerned to become more sustainable in the operational processes in order to ensure the increase of customers and well-being middlemen and stakeholders within the port and therefore seek smart ports to find innovative ways to reduce costs and eliminate waste, which increases the added value of operations. To rely on descriptive analytical approach, this is based on the systematic, description of the facts and characteristics related to the specific problem and the analysis of the content in a practical and accurate way to study the relations in the hypotheses of research. By describing and analyzing the ports of Port Said and Port of Rotterdam and seeking to determine the requirements of the application of smart ports to sustain the supply chains. This has resulted in strong relations between wages and total trading volume in Port Said and Rotterdam ports by 0.00001007 and 0.0000009209 respectively, the global port classification according to the Rotterdam port turnover rate of 120.485 and the statistical relationship between the average size of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the time berth by 0.000006309. This confirms that to achieve the sustainability of the supply chain, smart port requirement to must be applied the main recommendations of the study focus on first the interest in information technology and communication in the administrative processes and improving the environmental performance of the ports to achieve the integrated concept of the smart port and achieve sustainability, second Facilitate procedures in ports and their full mechanization, reduce the number of days needed for import and export operations, expand the use of the Internet in all stages of the movement of goods to the end customer and provide tracking techniques and tracing shipments.

The new business environment, and the new era of digital transformation put pressure on the global supply chain and accordingly on ports to cope with such changes; these require ports to be smarter and adapt to the new technological approaches. Smart ports SP express the prevailing trend for the transformation strategies. Although many previous studies discuss smart ports requirements there is no integrated vision provided before to capture different comprehensive elements of smart port and show its impact on sustainably. Therefore, this research aims at developing an integrated smart port index SPI, capturing different elements of SP and linking them to port sustainability performance. The research conducted a systematic literature review to identify all pillars that are required for the smart port adaptation and showed its impact on sustainability with a full-text reading stage that resulted in 48 articles. The paper indicated that few studies of the SPI have been proposed before to improve SP activity in different domains: operations, environment, energy, safety, and security; however, there is a need to address the several key issues related to port operations, and to consider human resources factor as part of the smart port requirement, particularly an integrated index that captures different pillars in SP elements and shows its effect on sustainable performance. The study reveals that SP initiatives around the world have different integration levels. According to this, the smart port index can be considered as the first integrated index linked to sustainability and including human resources; however, there are some limitations that could be an open issue to future researchers and practitioners to foster new practical research initiatives that can rely on this index to adapt the smart port practices in different ports, taking into consideration the human resources aspect and testing their impact on port sustainability.

Smart ports are defined from a variety of perspectives. Smart ports are automated, logistics optimization, energy-efficient, the eco-friendly and innovative port through the innovation of information technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and artificial intelligence (AI). Smart ports are expanding their boundaries to the city in order to strengthen the connection. Furthermore, smart ports organically connect all related resources by acting as a hub for information flow to collect, process, analyze and share data. We need deep insight into the question of what the future be like. This chapter aims to answer two questions: what is a smart port, and how are they prepared to become a smart port? What is the strategy for the smartization of advanced ports? <br>

As ports play a very important role in the national and international flow of goods, with the development of international trade, they face many challenges such as operational congestion, pollution, energy consumption and safety and security issues. Therefore, ports need to increase their operational efficiency and also pay attention to sustainability principles. The smart port is a digital transformation that adopts new technologies to improve efficiency and environmental issues. Existing ports and new ports have to be transformed into smart ports so that countries can get a share from international logistics. Smart port applications vary according to ports characteristics, as port needs are different. Thus, it is necessary to analyze ports to develop compatible smart port applications. However, in the literature, there is a lack of studies focuses on the smart port. The main purpose of this study is to examine smart port dimensions by considering Filyos Port. We have used fuzzy AHP for ordering each dimension and sub-dimensions to relative importance. The findings of the study show that operation is the most crucial factor, which is followed by environment, energy, finance and safety and security, respectively. Finally, we offered suggestions for each smart port dimensions.

What is known about smart ports around the world? A benchmarking study

Forming a system of smart ports in the logistics infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) has been analyzed. There are considered the cases of the current development of port infrastructure in the NSR, the world experience of implementing a smart port in the existing logistics infrastructure is analyzed, the ways to introduce this system into the port infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route to optimize logistics flows in the Russian Arctic are studied. The main share of volume indicators of ships in Russian ports in 2020 is illustrated. It has been stated that one of the leading positions, according to the main share of ship indicators, is occupied by the seaport of Murmansk, which, despite its location and climatic conditions, is the largest ice-free shipping hub not only in the Russian Federation, but in the global maritime space. A systematic approach including the general scientific and special research methods is applied: comparison, formalization, generalization, classification, analysis, synthesis. Based on the comparative analysis of the parameters of the traditional and smart ports, the key components of the smart port are identified: smart infrastructure, smart traffic flows, smart logistics. The large and technologically developed port of Rotterdam is presented as an example of successful development of the port infrastructure. Large-scale digitalization and innovations in the work of the hydrometeorological service of the port contribute to improving the operational efficiency and safety of ships, as well as reducing polluting emissions. It is proposed to take as a basis the studied digital innovations in the port of Rotterdam for the transformation of the ports of the Russian Arctic.

Smart port vs. port integration to mitigate congestion: ESG performance and data validation

With the rapid development of information technology, the construction of automated terminals is in the ascendant, and the direction of automated terminal construction has attracted attention from all over the world. At the same time, the proposal of the smart port also puts forward new requirements for the future development of the port. This article summarizes the relevant research on the construction of automated terminals and smart port system planning, and proposes the direction of future automated terminal construction, including equipment upgrades, technical process standardization, and improvement of system integration capabilities. It also proposed smart port system planning guidelines, focusing on the key points of smart port planning, and specifying that smart ports should focus on building a GIS-based Smart Port-Industry-City Spatial Geographic Information Platform, a Smart Port-Industry-City Digital Twin Model and PIM (Port Information Model) that perceived 3D data and temporal and spatial changes, and a Smart Port Big Data Center, which was interconnected and coordinated in all directions, providing technical references for the research on the top system plan of smart ports and the development of specific applications.