Integrating FoK and TPACK in action research: The impact of video creation workshops on pre-service science teachers

This study attempted to investigate pre-service and in-service EFL teachers’ levels of knowledge in content, pedagogy, and technology in relation to their gender, Internet access at school, and technology training in Saudi Arabia. The Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework was utilized to (1) examine pre-service and in-service EFL teachers’ levels of TPACK; (2) investigate the differences between pre-service and in-service EFL teachers’ levels of TPACK; (3) scrutinize whether gender, Internet access at school, and technology training had any significant effect on pre-service EFL teachers’ levels of TPACK; and (4) analyze whether gender, Internet access at school, and technology training had any significant effect on in-service EFL teachers’ levels of TPACK. The participants in this study were (111) EFL pre-service teachers and (106) EFL in-service teachers. The descriptive statistical analysis (mean and standard deviation) revealed that the pre-service teachers’ overall level of TPACK was moderate scoring highest in TK, TPK, and TCK and lowest in CK and PK respectively. On the other hand, the in-service teachers’ overall level of TPACK was moderate scoring highest in CK, PK, and PCK and lowest in TK, TPK, and TCK respectively. The inferential statistical analysis (t-test) indicated a statistically significant difference between pre-service and in-service teachers’ levels of TPACK. All the seven sub-domains of TPACK were significant, with pre-service teachers scoring higher in TK, TCK, and TPK while in-service teachers scoring higher in CK, PK, PCK, and TPACK. The inferential analysis also showed that gender, Internet access at school, and technology training had a significant effect on both pre-service and in-service EFL teachers’ levels of TPACK. The study concluded that both pre-service teacher education programs and in-service teacher training courses need to focus on the connections and interactions between content, pedagogy, and technology in order to help EFL teachers integrate technology effectively into their teaching process. The study recommended investigating other factors that might be predictive of teachers’ levels of TPACK.

Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK ) is a framework for teacher professional development. In current teacher education research, pre-service teachers are targeted to improve their teaching competencies based on implementing TPACK as an integrative framework of instructional interventions. This study purposed to investigate an effect of a TPACK -oriented mobile game learning in science (MGLS ) module based on pre-service science teachers’ subject- specific teaching knowledge development. The researchers implemented the MGLS to 31 sophomore pre-service science teachers at a former university's public teacher in the northeastern region of Thailand. They were assigned to attend the MGLS within three weeks. They have been measured individual TPACK using a multiple -choice test before and after participating with the MGLS module. The findings illustrated that there was a significant difference between their TPACK scores of pre- and post-test. This result revealed that the MGLS could improve pre-service science teachers ’ TPACK. In addition, most pre-service science teachers in this study also intended to use the mobile game in nature of enhancement student learning with specific science content.

In the context of the current teacher education program in Thailand, Technology Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework is formally recognized as essential qualities of knowledge for a highly qualified preservice teacher in today’s education. TPACK has been attracted to educational researchers for preparing preservice science teachers nationwide. In this study, TPACK was employed for restructuring a preservice science teacher education course with mobile game technology, which was offered in two consecutive semesters with a total enrollment of 115 student teachers in the first cohort and 94 student teachers in the second cohort. A pedagogic module of Mobile Game-based Inquiry Learning in Science (MGILS) has been designed and created in two settings, a usual separated and integrated case-based TPACK support module, and then implemented with the first and second cohort respectively in general science teacher education program at a Rajabhat University of Thailand. They were measured TPACK in terms of four constructs, namely, (a) technological knowledge (TK), (b) technological content knowledge (TCK), (c) technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), and (d) technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK). Considering both qualitative and quantitative data analysis from two cohorts, the results showed preservice science teachers’ incremental TPACK improvement from the implementation of the usual separated and integrated case-based TPACK support module of MGILS. Based on the results of MGILS intervention, it seems to indicate the alleged superiority of the integrated case-based TPACK support over the usual separated TPACK support. The deficits in the use of MGILS module are identified, and possible improvements to enhance TPACK in the mobile game are proposed.

With the rapid advance and popularity of wireless communication and mobile technologies, pedagogy of mobile and ubiquitous learning has become more important and teachers' technology pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) within mobile learning context is more emphasised in pre-service teachers' education. As such, pre-service science teachers' TPACK of mobile learning has been recommended as an essential framework for preparing literate pre-service science teachers in the use of mobile technology in teaching practices. Therefore, the researchers have implemented the framework for designing a technology-integrated pedagogy module, called Mobile Laboratory Learning in Science (MLLS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate an effect of MLLS module in improving 119 Thai pre-service science teachers' TPACK. The preliminary results showed that the pre-service science teachers have better level of technological knowledge (TK), technological content knowledge (TCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), and TPACK of mobile laboratory learning in science after interacting with the MLLS.

This research used a case study approach to investigate “in-depth” pre-service science teachers’ preparation programs in the Licensure and Master’s Program (LAMP) in the College of Education at the University of Toledo (UT) to integrate technology into their teaching. In this study, the study focused on technology parts TK, TPK, TCK, and TPACK preparation by finding out and knowing the gap in using technology in science. The case study would include a sequential exploratory mixed methods approach, which involves collecting qualitative and quantitative data in order to understand the technology preparation for pre-service science teachers in teaching and practicing in terms of their technology knowledge (TK), technology, and content knowledge (TCK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), and technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). This paper aims to investigate pre-service science teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) through the LAMP program. This study focused on pre-service science teachers in science and social studies studying in the two-year LAMP program at the University of Toledo. Three data collection tools were used to investigate pre-service science teachers’ preparation programs in college: The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale of Pre-Service Teachers survey, an open-ended interview, and the student’s study plan. According to the TPACK survey findings, the participant did not have any TPK, TCK, and TPACK. Also, in TK, the participant knew no more than 50%. The most important finding was that participants did not believe that we should teach or use technology and preferred traditional methods. Even though he stated that he knows that technology is essential in facilitating education, he did not believe that he should integrate technology in teaching into his classrooms. Therefore, more research on TK, TPK, TCK, and TPACK would help redesign the program that prepares pre-service science teachers to be effective teachers. The pre-service science teacher in the LAMP program in this study needs more support for TK, TPK, TCK, and TPACK in their training program to teach with technologies.

TPACK is a dynamic and transactional relationship between content, pedagogy, and technology. It is vital for good teaching with technology to understand the mutual relationship between the three components taken together to create suitable, context-specific, strategies and representations. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the level of technology pedagogy and content knowledge of pre-service science teachers. The respondents were the 428 pre-service science teachers from the different higher education institutions in Caraga Region. Results showed that the overall mean score of the level of technology pedagogy and content knowledge (TPACK) of the pre-service science teachers was low (4.11). Moreover, technological knowledge (TK) obtained the highest mean score of 5.19 while technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) was the lowest (3.18). It implied that the pre-service science teachers have insufficient training and practice to include technology in their instructions. Further, there are two (2) models that predict the TPACK of the pre-service science teachers namely: (Model 1) TPACK = f(TK) and (Model 2) TPACK = f(TK + PCK). TK influenced the TPACK in model 1 while TK and PCK influenced the TPACK in model 2. TK and PCK showed a positive relationship to TPACK. Hence, to have an effective network between technology, pedagogy, and content in teacher education programs, it is hereby recommended the inclusion of professional development in the curriculum of the preservice teachers through the conduct of capability training and hands-on exposure to acquiring additional knowledge in integrating technology in the classroom instructions within their content areas.

New science teachers should be equipped with the ability to integrate and design the curriculum and technology for innovative teaching. How to integrate technology into pre-service science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge is the important issue. This study examined the impact on a transformative model of integrating technology and peer coaching for developing technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) of pre-service science teachers. A transformative model and an online system were designed to restructure science teacher education courses. Participants of this study included an instructor and 12 pre-service teachers. The main sources of data included written assignments, online data, reflective journals, videotapes and interviews. This study expanded four views, namely, the comprehensive, imitative, transformative and integrative views to explore the impact of TPACK. The model could help pre-service teachers develop technological pedagogical methods and strategies of integrating subject-matter knowledge into science lessons, and further enhanced their TPACK.

This quasi-experimental research study aimed to investigate the effect of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK)-based course design on mathematics, science, and literacy education pre-service teachers’ TPACK. Participants in the study consisted of 31 mathematics, 32 science, and 38 literacy education pre-service teachers who attended introduction to computers. To collect data, the technological pedagogical content knowledge self-efficacy instrument (TPACKSEI) developed by Graham et al. (2009) was applied before and after the course. The results showed significant improvements in all groups of pre-service teachers’ mathematics, science, and literacy education self efficacy on their TPACK. Moreover, there were no significant differences between natural science (mathematics and science education) and social science (literacy) for pre-service teachers’ TPACK. However, there were significant differences between natural science and social science pre-service teachers’ technological knowledge and technological content knowledge.

Teacher preparation programs in the Philippines continue to struggle with developing pre-service teachers’ Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) and self-regulatory competencies. Current studies show low levels of both TPACK and technology-based self-regulated English learning strategies (SRL), revealing a critical gap in the prevailing context. Hence, this study was conducted with the primary aim of identifying the level of TPACK and the usage of SRL of the pre-service teachers. Moreover, this specifically sought to determine if there is a significant relationship between their usage of SRL and their TPACK level. In doing so, this study used a descriptive-correlational design with 139 respondents selected through stratified random sampling, and the data were gathered through a structured survey and analyzed using Pearson r correlation. This was guided by the TPACK and SRL frameworks, with TPACK used to measure the pre service teachers’ level of technological, pedagogical, and content competence, and SRL used to assess their usage of self-management strategies. Together, these frameworks support the study’s aim of evaluating both constructs and examining their relationship. The results revealed that their TPACK level is average, and they usually use the SRL strategies. A significant relationship was also found between TPACK level and technology-based English SRL strategies, indicating that effective technological integration depends on a holistic understanding of how tools align with pedagogy and content. This enables the pre-service teachers to make metacognitively informed decisions, monitor learning, and apply strategies effectively. The findings suggest that teacher education programs should strengthen TPACK and SRL skills to promote more effective, pedagogically sound technology use in English learning.

Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) is now recognizing for teacher development and preparation program. The new era of teaching and learning are not only focus on contents, but also pedagogical knowledge, technology and education with instructional strategies are now necessary for teacher preparation program. This study focuses on identifying and summarizing the features of TPACK in ASEAN literatures. The review was conducted using the ACI database; a total of 11 articles describing TPACK based on specific search criteria. The framework of TPACK needs to generalize to school policy, administrative purposes and teacher development and teacher preparation program. Also, the exploratory TPACK of 7 Thai pre-service science teachers in one-year school practicum provided significant findings through TPACK questionnaire and lesson plan analysis. Data were collected and analyzed by descriptive analysis. The explorative study illustrated the nature of their TPACK by concept and practice was at high level. The study needs pre-service teacher have technology integration in teacher preparation program, also TPACK should be implemented in teacher development program.

Many empirical studies used technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) to evaluate technology integration in education. However, systematic reviews on TPACK, related to technology integration in education are still limited, linked to the TPACK and technology integration issue. Therefore, this systematic literature reviews TPACK-based studies from 2010 to 2022, focusing on three topics: instruments to assess TPACK, TPACK domains’ inter-correlation, and TPACK relationships with technology integration. This systematic literature review implemented PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). The study used Science Direct as a platform for articles’ search with three keywords, namely TPACK, preservice teacher; TPCK, preservice teacher; and TPACK, preservice teacher, technology integration. There were 28 articles reviewed. The findings informed 11 articles regarding scales to assess TPACK. There were nine articles reported TPACK domains’ intercorrelation and 10 articles informed TPACK relationships with technology integration. This study could significantly contribute to advancing knowledge regarding instruments to assess TPACK, TPACK factors inter-correlation, and TPACK and technology integration.

The Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework is a cornerstone in teacher education, equipping educators with the skills to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices. However, there is a noticeable research gap in the specific application of TPACK training to enhance chemistry core competencies (CCCs). This study, a collaborative effort with 32 Indonesian pre-service chemistry teachers (28 females and four males) from a public university, sets out to fill this gap by exploring the development of their knowledge of technological integration, with a focus on promoting core competencies in chemistry. We designed and implemented a TPACK-CCCs training intervention, a beacon of hope in teacher education, to foster both declarative and procedural knowledge in a technology-infused inquiry learning environment in chemistry. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving pre- and post-intervention assessments to measure changes in declarative and procedural knowledge framed with TPACK through a multiple-choice TPACK test and chemistry competencies lesson plan design. The results brought about significant improvements in the pre-service teachers’ specific and overall TPACK. These findings paint a promising picture, suggesting that the TPACK-CCCs training intervention can effectively prepare pre-service teachers to incorporate digital technology in ways that enrich inquiry-based chemistry education and foster CCCs. The implications for teacher education programs and future research directions are discussed in a positive light.

In today's educational system, the need for teachers to acquire technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) has already become a mainstream transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to find a suitable strategy and approach to develop pre-service ELT teachers’ TPACK, in which one of them is actively engaging them in the design of technology-enhanced learning. This study sought to investigate Indonesian pre-service ELT teachers’ TPACK level development after designing digital storytelling book. Narrative inquiry was adopted in this research. The data were obtained from the pre- service ELT teachers’ reflective notes and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study show that all participants are in the TPACK level of “accepting”. In the level of accepting, pre-service teachers form a favorable attitude toward teaching and learning English with digital storytelling. The implication derived from this study is that it is necessary to carefully design a project in teacher education program that can improve the pre-service teachers' TPACK level.

This article reports on a qualitative case study which examined the development of six Australian pre-service teachers’ Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK), through a series of six semi-structured interviews, over the duration of their four-year teacher preparation programme. Consistent with the research design employed, detailed description is used to provide an insightful picture of the knowledge and skills gained. The results indicate a clear progression in the development of TPACK in these pre-service teachers. For some this was more pronounced than for others, a range of identified aspects of their preparation experience impacting on their development. The extent of ICT use on professional placement, expectations and practice of supervising teachers, school culture and resourcing were major identified influences. A range of aspects of university preparation including an ICT skill and pedagogy subject, assignments and lecturer modelling also had an evident effect on the growth of the pre-service teachers’ TPACK.

Purpose Digital multimodal composing (DMC) has received considerable attention in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. While empirical studies on DMC have been widely conducted, there is a scarcity of research specifically examining the experience of pre-service English teachers in employing DMC during their teaching practicum. They might be familiar with DMC concepts, yet their beliefs about implementing DMC-mediated language teaching in classroom settings is worth further investigation. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate the perspectives of three pre-service English teachers on DMC-mediated language teaching during their teaching practicum program. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a case study design and was conducted in a state Islamic university in East Java Province, Indonesia. A semi-structured interview was conducted with three pre-service English teachers to collect data about the beliefs of pre-service English teachers in implementing DMC in their teaching practicum. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings From the analysis, the study unveils three important findings: (1) pre-service teachers' awareness of implementing DMC in English classrooms, (2) pre-service teachers' pedagogical preference for DMC projects and (3) pre-service teachers' perceived challenges in teaching through DMC. Originality/value The study suggests that equipping pre-service teachers with adequate pedagogical competence in DMC will enhance their capacity for technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK).