Integrating cutting orientation and postharvest drying to enhance the processing efficiency of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. rhizomes

Influence of the valency and hydrophobicity of an antigen on its efficiency of processing and presentation by antigen-specific B cells

Prenatal alcohol exposure has been linked to deficits in processing speed in both infancy and later in childhood. This study was designed to examine prenatal alcohol-related deficits in both processing speed and processing efficiency in four domains of cognitive function. Black children (n=337; age, 7.5 years), prospectively recruited to over-represent prenatal alcohol exposure at moderate-to-heavy levels, were assessed on four processing speed tasks, using a Sternberg paradigm. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to contrast overall processing speed, indicated by reaction time (RT) differences at the intercept, with processing efficiency, indicated by the slope of RT changes across increasing levels of task difficulty. Performance on these tasks within an effortful cognitive framework was compared with RT on a task involving relatively more automatic processing. Path analysis was used to examine the degree to which the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on working memory was mediated by slower RT. Prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with slower processing speed on several of the Sternberg tasks, and the number comparison task showed a specific deficit in processing efficiency. These effects on tasks involving effortful processing contrasted with the lack of performance differences on the more automatic RT measure. The relation of prenatal alcohol exposure to working memory was mediated, in part, by an associated reduction in processing speed. These data confirm reports by other investigators linking prenatal alcohol exposure to slower processing speed and show that this RT deficit is found within the context of complex cognition but not where automatic processing is involved. The reduction in RT accounts, in part, for the previously reported alcohol-related effects on working memory. The number comparison slope was the only specific component of information processing affected, confirming previous reports of a distinctive prenatal alcohol effect on number processing.

To mount a robust and durable immune response, the antigen in a vaccine must be processed efficiently in the appropriate intracellular compartment. Here, we report an approach for optimizing the antigen processing pathway and efficiency by using the modular design of spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanostructures. We utilized the substrate specificity of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase1 (ERAP1), a protease known to generate major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) epitopes in the endoplasmic reticulum, to design two ERAP1-responsive peptide linkers (EPLs). The peptide linkers append the peptide antigen onto the SNAs to bias the processing pathway toward ERAP1 and to vary the antigen processing efficiency. The two EPLs varied ERAP1 antigen processing efficiency by 10-fold. Subsequently, the EPLs increased colocalization of the antigen with ERAP1 by up to ca. 58% when compared to an SNA that did not employ this linker. The EPL that drove more efficient cleavage, augmented antigen surface presentation by 30%, ex vivo CD8+ T cell proliferation by fivefold, and in vivo generation of proinflammatory and effector memory CD8+ T cells by 5% and 18%, respectively. Furthermore, the more efficiently processed EPL-containing SNA resulted in a 2.5-fold more effective inhibition of E.G7-OVA lymphoma tumors in vivo. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of the deliberate and rational design of vaccine structures to spatially bias antigen processing and elevate its processing efficiency to augment immune stimulation.

Row-store commonly uses a volcano-style “once-a-tuple” pipeline processor for processing efficiency but looses the I/O efficiency when only a small part of columns are accessed in a wide table. The academic column-store usually uses “once-a-column” style processing for I/O and cache efficiency but it has to suffer multi-pass column scan for complex query. This paper focuses on how to achieve the maximal gains from storage models for both pipeline processing efficiency and column processing efficiency. Based on the “address-value” mapping for surrogate key in dimension table, we can map incremental primary keys as offset addresses, so the foreign keys in fact table can be utilized as native join index for dimensional tuples. We use predicate vector as bitmap vector filters for dimensions to enable star-join as pipeline operator and pre-generate hash aggregators for aggregat based on the column. Using these approaches, star-join and pre-grouping can be completed in one-pass scan on dimensional attributes in fact table, and the following aggregate column scanning responses for the sparse accessing aggregation. We can gain both I/O efficiency for vector processing and CPU efficiency for pipeline aggregating. We perform the experiments for both simulated algorithm based on the column and the commercial column-store database.KeywordsOLAPCDDTA-JOINpredicate-vectorcolumn-store

Chapter 11 - Emerging trends and future perspectives on enzyme prospection with reference to food processing

In order to intelligently analyze tennis movements and improve evaluation efficiency, a counter clockwise rotation angle of limbs is proposed to solve the direction problem of tennis movements. A dynamic time regularization algorithm is optimized by combining global time weighting and adjacent frame weighting. The results indicated that the proposed counter clockwise rotation angle feature of limbs could effectively represent changes in limb direction and clearly distinguish action postures. The average accuracy of this method in action classification on the Tennis Stroke Dataset was 97.60%. In the action evaluation mode, the average frame rate of the client was between 17.35FPS and 17.49FPS, and the overall average frame rate was about 17.40FPS. The server exhibits higher efficiency in action processing and evaluation, which can process video frames faster. It is more efficient in processing data capabilities and utilizing data resources. This indicates that the performance of the system is relatively consistent in different modes and has stability. The optimized method has a higher generalization ability in recognizing non-tennis movements on different datasets. When dealing with fine movements, the optimized method performs excellently and can better capture subtle differences in the movements. Meanwhile, this enhances the real-time performance of the system, making it suitable for evaluating tennis movements in practical application scenarios. This provides a new technical path for analyzing tennis movements and also serves as a reference for evaluating movements in other sports.

Chapter 19 - Possibilities of Sustainable Oil Processing

The results of testing the use of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) spectrum C (wavelength 253.7 nm) to reduce the contamination of chilled beef in half carcasses are presented. It is determined that the efficiency of UVR with a wavelength of 253.7 nm is directly proportional to the distance between meat half-carcasses in the cooling chamber: if the distance is longer than the efficiency of processing is higher. The efficiency of UVR processing of beef half-carcasses is proved by placing them in a chill chamber and storing them at 17 cm distance one from the other. This condition and the exposure of UVR for 45 min, gives a decrease in the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms on the carcasses surface to 95.15 ± 0.23%. An ecological regime to storage of chilled cattle in half carcasses (suspension) was developed using a UVR with a wavelength of 253.7 nm at 45 minutes exposure and 17 cm distance between the carcasses without breaking the technological process. The developed mode allows to double the shelf life of the raw meat in the chilled state. For efficient UVR processing of slaughtered animals (cattle) the half-carcasses are needed to be placed in a cooling and storage chamber (air temperature – 6.0 ± 2.0°C, relative humidity – 85.0 ± 0.5%) at 17 cm distance one from other. In this condition and 45 minutes exposure the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms on the surface of the experimental half-carcasses decreased from (4.45 ± 0.17) × 103 CFU/cm2 at the beginning of the experiment to (0.22 ± 0.01) × 103 CFU/cm2 after UVR treatment. Keywords: Muscle tissue; half-carcasses; ultraviolet irradiation; air-recirculator; temperature; exposure; microorganisms References Begum, M., Hocking, A. D., & Miskelly, D. (2009). Inactivation of food spoilage fungi by ultra violet (UVC) irradiation. Int. J Food Microbiol., 129, 74-77. Degala, H. L., Mahapatra, A. K., Demircib, A., & Kannana, G. (2018). Evaluation of non-thermal hurdle technology for ultraviolet-light to inactivate Escherichia coli K12 on goat meat surfaces. Food Control, 90, 113-12. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.042 Diez, A. M., Santos, E. M., Jaime, I., & Rovira, J. (2009). Effectiveness of combined preservation methods to extend the shelf life of Morcilla de Burgos. Meat Science, 81, 171-177. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.07.015 Gorbunova, N. A., & Tunieva, E. K. (2016). Risks and safety of using nanotechnologies of food products: a review. Theory and practice of meat processing, 1(3), 35-47. doi: 10.21323/2414-438X-2016-1-3-35-47 Hardin, M. D. (2014). Microbial contamination: Decontamination of Processed Meat. Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences. Kansas State University. Manhattan. RS. USA, 280-284. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384731-7.00246-4 Isohanni, P. M., & Lyhs, U. (2009). Use of ultraviolet irradiation to reduce campylobacter jejuni on broiler meat. Poultry Sci., 88, 661-668. Keklik, N. M., Krishnamurthy, K., & Demirci, A. (2012). Microbial decontamination of food by ultraviolet (UV) and pulsed UV light. Microbial Decontamination in the Food Industry, 344-369. doi: 10.1533/9780857095756.2.344 Koutchma, T. N., Forney, L. J., & Moraru, C. I. (2009). UV processing effects on quality of foods, in Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology – Principles and Applications. Boca Raton. FL: CRC Press, 103-124. Lonergan, S. M., Topel, D. G., & Marple, D. N. (2019). The Science of Animal Growth and Meat Technology: Second Edition. Chapter, 15, 255-269. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815277-5.00015 Miller, R. V., Jeffrey, W., Mitchell, J. D., & Elasri, M. (1999). Bacterial responses to ultraviolet light. ASM News, 65, 535-541. Palii, A. P., & Palii, A. P. (2019). Technical and technological innovations in dairy cattle. Monograph. Kharkiv: Mis'kdruk. ISBN 978-617-619-207-7 (In Ukrainian) Paliy, A. P., Rodionova, K. O., Braginec, M. V., Paliy, A. P., & Nalivayko, L. I. (2018). Sanitary-hygienic evaluation of meat processing enterprises productions and their sanation. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8(2), 81-88. doi: 10.15421/2018_313 Rodionova, K. O., & Paliy, A. P. (2016). The effectiveness of application ultraviolet radiation for the sanitation of production premises of meat processing enterprises. Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety, 2(4), 20-24. Rodionova K. А., & Paliy A. P. (2019). Analysis of contemporary meat and meat products’ processing methods. Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety, 5(2), 32-40. Sommers, C., Sheena, S., Scullena, O. J., & Mackayb, W. (2017). Inactivation of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in chicken meat and purge using thermal processing, high pressure processing, gamma radiation, and ultraviolet light (254 nm). Food Control, 75, 78-82. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.12.020 Stefanova, R., Vasilev, N. V., & Spassov, S. L. (2010). Irradiation of Food, Current Legislation Framework, and Detection of Irradiated Foods. Food Analytical Methods, 3(3), 225-252. doi: 10.1007/s12161-009-9118-8 Yeh, Y., de Moura, F. H., Van Den Broek, K., & de Mello, A. S. (2018). Effect of ultraviolet light, organic acids, and bacteriophage on Salmonella populations in ground beef. Meat Science, 139, 44-48. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.01.007 Zhou, G. H., Xu, X. L., & Liu, Y. (2010). Preservation technologies for fresh meat - A review. Meat Science, 86(1), 119-28. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.033

Remote sensing (RS) image processing has made significant progress in the past few years, but it still faces some problems such as the difficulty in processing large-scale RS image data, difficulty in recognizing complex background, and low accuracy and efficiency of processing. In order to improve the existing problems in RS image processing, this study dealt with ConvNext-convolutional neural network (CNN) and big data (BD) in parallel. Moreover, it combined the existing RS image processing with the high dimensional analysis of data and other technologies. In this process, the parallel processing of large data and high-dimensional data analysis technology improves the difficulty and low efficiency of large-scale RS image data processing in the preprocessing stage. The ConvNext-CNN optimizes the two modules of feature extraction and object detection in RS image processing, which improves the difficult problem of complex background recognition and improves the accuracy of RS image processing. At the same time, the performance of RS image processing technology after neural networks (NNs) and BD fusion and traditional RS image processing technology in many aspects are analyzed by experiments. In this study, traditional RS image processing and RS image processing combined with NN and BD were used to process 2,328 sample datasets. The image processing accuracy and recall rate of traditional RS image processing technology were 81 and 82%, respectively, and the F1 score was about 0.81 (F1 value is the reconciled average of accuracy and recall, a metric that combines accuracy and recall to evaluate the quality of the results, a higher F1 value indicates a better overall performance of the retrieval system). The accuracy rate and recall rate of RS image processing technology, which integrates NN and BD, were 97 and 98%, respectively, and its F1 score was about 0.97. After analyzing the process of these experiments and the final output results, it can be determined that the RS image processing technology combined with NN and BD can improve the problems of large-scale data processing difficulty, recognition difficulty under complex background, low processing accuracy and efficiency. In this study, the RS image processing technology combined with NN and BD has stronger adaptability with the help of NN and BD technology, and can adjust parameters and can be applied in more tasks.

Lactose-free milk is rising in popularity among consumers due to its claim to be a better digestible product compared to regular fluid milk. For that reason, concentrating on this food is a good alternative for increasing its versatility and usability in different dairy industry segments. Block freeze concentration (BFC) is a simple technology used to concentrate liquid foods through ice crystal formation and subsequent removal of water. Thus, this work aimed to test two variants of the BFC technique on lactose-free milk concentration. In the first approach, it was investigated the centrifugation-assisted BFC of skim lactose-free milk by applying a factorial experimental design. Temperature, time, and rotation speed were the factors, and the response variables included the concentrate yield, concentration index, and efficiency of the process. Concentrate yield and concentration index were mainly affected by the centrifugation temperature. On the other hand, individual factors did not have a significant effect on the efficiency, only their interactions. In the case of centrifugation-assisted BFC in a single step, the condition at 40°C, 70min, and 4500rpm was considered the best, given the highest values of efficiency and concentrate yield (80.87 and 67.02, respectively), and still an excellent value for concentration index (2.05). Conversely, the condition at 30°C, 45min, and 3500rpm was chosen to integrate a freeze concentration process in two stage. Then, the ice obtained from the first cycle was subjected to the vacuum-assisted BFC, which consisted in the second cycle. The concentrate obtained from the vacuum-assisted BFC presented contents of total solids, carbohydrates, and protein 2.95, 3.00, and 2.91 times more than the initial lactose-free milk, respectively. Therefore, we believe that the concentrates obtained can be used for the development of innovative lactose-free dairy products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Using concentration processes in the dairy industry can significantly contribute to enhancing the overall efficiency of milk processing since huge quantities of water from milk can be reduced, increasing the total solids content. In turn, dairy products that provide a high amount of solids (especially protein) are gaining in popularity among consumers, with consequent interest from researchers. In addition, milk concentration shows advantages in terms of processing, packaging, transportation, and handling. Since most changes occur in an aqueous environment, the removal of some parts of water results in the preservation of milk. It is noteworthy that dairy industries are concerned principally with food preservation, green technologies, and the production of high-quality products. Thus, concentration processes could favor the development of milk products rich in proteins to meet certain demands on functional and nutritional properties, for example in beverages and formulated food.

Information processing efficiency and regulation at five months

This paper studies the problems of the equipment, tooling and processing efficiency in the processing of large box hole series, provides a processing scheme for the small and medium batch production of large boxes, solves the problems of the insufficient equipment, the long process preparation time and the low processing efficiency in the large box processing, and provides a reference method for the similar processing problems encountered in the enterprise production.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to achieve improvement of the mineral grinding process in the context of the production needs of PJSC "Northern GOK" using intelligent methods, in particular neural networks. The use of intelligent tools, such as neural networks, is aimed at improving the quality, accuracy and efficiency of the grinding process. The research is expected to result in the development and implementation of new algorithms and methods that will ensure optimal use of resources, reduce costs and increase the overall productivity of the grinding process in the mining industry. Research methods. The following methods were used: study of scientific research and literature in the field of application of intelligent methods in the processes of grinding materials, analysis of technological schemes and grinding processes at PJSC "Northern GOK", development and modelling of systems for optimisation of grinding parameters. Scientific novelty. The study introduces the latest methods of data mining, including the use of artificial neural networks, to optimise the process of grinding minerals. The use of neural networks in the mining industry is a new and rapidly growing area of research and opens up great opportunities for improving the efficiency and accuracy of ore processing in the mining and processing sector. Practical significance. Implementation of the developed methods and models into the practice of grinding minerals at PJSC Northern Mining can lead to an increase in the quality and efficiency of the process, a reduction in downtime and optimisation of energy consumption. This can have a significant positive impact on the economic efficiency of the enterprise and the overall level of mineral production. Results. This paper has demonstrated how dynamic modelling can be used to evaluate the effects of process modifications and predict actual performance. Despite the complexity of dynamic modelling, it has a higher potential for predicting actual performance. The developed systems used in this paper will be useful tools for further research in the field of automation to improve performance

To increase the efficiency and intensity of processing of organic natural caustobiolite or peat, a prototype laboratory microwave reactor with an increased loading volume of the processed material has been developed. The modernized experimental setup is a microwave reactor under reduced pressure with a constant removal of pyrolysis gases through a trap with liquid nitrogen into a gas sampler. The increase in the volume of the microwave reactor was achieved through the use of additional systems for transporting microwave radiation and a special system of absorption of reflected power from the reactor volume. The reactor was connected to a microwave source (industrial magnetron) with a frequency of 2.45 GHz, with a total power of 1 kW. The duration of microwave irradiation of peat in the reactor was 16 minutes. As a result of a series of experiments, samples of three fractions – solid, liquid, and gaseous – were obtained and analyzed. A comparative analysis of the products of low-temperature pyrolysis of bog sphagnum peat obtained by heating based on heat transfer from the walls of the reactor (conventional thermal heating) and heating by microwave radiation. The main difference between heating by radiation and heat transfer is that in the first case there is an increase in temperature throughout the volume, and not just in the zone of the phase boundary, which increases the intensification and the efficiency of the process. This is especially evident when heating solid objects in which there is no heat transfer by convection. Comparison of the products of the three fractions obtained was carried out using gas chromatography analysis data with massspectrometric detection, as well as using the results of elemental analysis. The study has shown that microwave heating causes a deeper destruction of the initial substrate – to the carbon residue and low molecular weight products of inorganic and organic nature. In addition, the surface of the solid fraction was examined using a scanning electron microscope; the presence of porous structures with pore sizes from 5 to 7 μm has been detected.

Objective:Pediatric cancer and cancer-related treatments may disrupt brain development and place survivors at risk for long term problems with cognitive functions. Processing efficiency has been operationalized as a nuanced cognitive skill that reflects both processing speed (PS) and working memory (WM) abilities and is sensitive to neurobiological disruption. Pediatric cancer survivors are at risk for processing efficiency deficits; however, a thorough characterization of processing efficiency skills across pediatric primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor and non-CNS cancer survivors has not yet been reported.Participants and Methods:Participants were selected from a mixed retrospective clinical database of pediatric cancer survivors (Total n=160; primary CNS tumor n=33; Non-CNS n=127). Univariate analyses were conducted to examine differences in processing efficiency mean scores (t-tests) and percent impairment (scores >1 SD below mean; chi-squared tests) between the total sample and normative sample, and across groups (CNS vs. Non-CNS). Multiple linear regressions were utilized to evaluate the relationships between additional risk factors, including biological sex, age at diagnosis, time since treatment, and socioeconomic status, and processing efficiency outcomes.Results:The total sample obtained lower scores on WM (M=90.83, SD=13.35) and PS (M=88.86, SD=14.38) measures than normative samples (M=100, SD=15), p < 0.001. Greater percentage of pediatric cancer survivors demonstrated impairment across all processing efficiency measures (24.8-38.1%) than normative samples (15.9%), p < 0.001. Regarding group differences, the CNS group obtained lower mean WM (M=84.85, SD =11.77) and PS (M=80, SD=14.18) scores than the Non-CNS group (WM M=92.39, SD=13.32; PS M=91.16, SD=13.56), p < 0.001. Rates of impairment between groups only differed for PS scores, with 63.6% of the CNS group and 31.5% of the non-CNS group demonstrating impairment, p < 0.001. Primary CNS tumor cancer type and male biological sex emerged as the only significant risk factors that predicted processing efficiency skills, with male sex predicting lower scores on PS (ß=8.91 p<.001) and semantic fluency (ß=7.59, p=.007).Conclusions:These findings indicate that both pediatric primary CNS tumor and non-CNS cancer survivors exhibit substantial weaknesses in processing efficiency skills after treatment. While both groups demonstrated deficits compared to normative samples, the CNS group was more susceptible to PS impairments than non-CNS group. A basic initial study of the relationships between risk factors and processing efficiency skills revealed that primary CNS cancer was a predictor of lower performance on working memory and processing speed measures, while male biological sex was a significant risk factor for worse performance on processing speed and semantic fluency measures. Continued focus on the construct of processing efficiency in pediatric cancer survivors is warranted. Applying a standardized approach to assessing and communicating this nuanced cognitive skill could contribute to advancing both clinical practice and outcomes research of pediatric cancer survivors.