Integral landscape management

The purpose of the article is to characterize features of the natural resource management in the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov taking into consideration natural and anthropogenic factors and to formulate a general vision of its integrated management. The method is based on the analysis of normative and legislative initiatives of Ukraine in the field of the territory management, in particular coastal marine zones, analysis of planned and introduced economical and conservation projects and their efficiency, analysis of the global experience in the effective management of coastal zones with an attempt to transmit it to the Azov Sea coastline. Results . During the 20 th century, the strategic planning and management of land and water areas was grounded on an economical component. A resource paradigm in science and society has changed since then to environmental one thus requiring the search for new integrated management approaches, including coastal marine areas. The latter are characterized by a high density and variety of natural conditions and resources, being the basis for the formation and development of human economic activity. The conflict in the exploitation of coastal natural resources lies between their excessive use and development of the territory, causing depletion of the resources and disruption of ecological balance in the environment. A significant diversity of natural conditions and resources of the Azov Sea coastal zone, high dynamism of natural processes, considerable anthropogenic development of the coastal land, high concentration of local population, and traditional practices of use of natural resources should be taken into account when planning management activities in the coastal marine zone. Analysis of introduced projects and programmes in the Azov Sea coastal zone in most cases has shown their economic and resource efficiency and effectiveness. However, these highly specialized departmental projects did not actually demonstrate an integrated approach. In our research, we analyzed a global experience in the spatial scale for the implementation of a management system. It is proposed to focus on the natural-economic systems, which take into account both natural, and economic components and all types of interactions between them. In this capacity, the justified boundaries (the watershed line on land and 10 m isobath in the sea) of the Azov Sea paradynamic landscape system are advisable to use. It is concluded that the legislative framework in Ukraine does not actually provide an integrated management of the coastal marine zones, and in existing reports and documents the information about the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov is virtually absent or sporadic. It is proposed to introduce a system of legislative and executive initiatives for the regulation of use of natural resources in the Azov Sea coastal zone and for its integrated management. Scientific novelty : application of the gained global experience in the management of coastal marine zones to land and water areas within the Azov Sea paradynamic landscape system. Practical value: possibility to implement the global experience in the costal marine zone management for the Ukrainian part of the Azov Sea region. Keywords : coastal marine zone, surf zone, paradynamic landscape system, contrast environments, interaction, optimisation and management of natural resources.

Wild pollinators play a critical role in crop production, yet they are increasingly threatened by agricultural intensification and habitat loss. Hence, identifying effective measures to support pollinators at landscape and field scale is crucial for maintaining pollination services and ensuring sustainable food production. We assessed how landscape composition (area of organic farming, semi‐natural habitats and mass‐flowering crops) and field management (farming system, weed cover and weed richness) influence wild pollinators and honeybees in sunflower fields. Additionally, we used a pollinator exclusion experiment to assess the effects of landscape composition, field management and pollinators on seed weight, seed number, pollination services and overall yield. Bumblebee abundance increased with organic farming area in the landscape, while solitary bee richness increased with semi‐natural habitat area. Both bumblebees and hoverflies declined in abundance with increasing mass‐flowering crop area in the landscape. At field level, the abundance and richness of solitary bees and hoverflies increased with weed richness. Insect pollination in open compared to pollinator‐excluded treatments increased yields on average by 25%. Pollination services and overall yields were not affected by weeds. Overall yields did not differ between conventional and organic fields, while pollination services were marginally higher in organic fields. Synthesis and application. Our findings underscore the need for multi‐scale conservation strategies to sustain pollinators and pollination services. Increasing organic farming at the landscape scale can support pollinators across both organic and conventional systems but cannot replace semi‐natural habitats, which remain essential to enhance solitary bees in crop fields. Landscape management should therefore promote both organic farming and semi‐natural habitats. Tolerating moderate weed levels within fields can further enhance wild pollinators without reducing yields. Farmers should also consider the amount of simultaneously mass‐flowering crops in the landscape to avoid dilution effects. Our findings provide practical strategies to support different groups of wild pollinators through integrative landscape and field management and strengthen pollination services in agroecosystems.

In agricultural landscape management, the conventional top-down approaches that primarily focus on market-led responses struggle to preserve the landscape elements essential for environmental sustainability. To address this deficiency, land use and land cover change (LUCC) scenarios promote an integrated understanding of landscape dynamics and highlight the inconsistency between the compartmentalisation of the public sector (“siloisation”) and the necessity for management that reflects the interdependencies of socio-ecological systems. This study investigates the extent to which the creation and dissemination of LUCC scenarios lead to modifications in the values, attitudes, and behaviours of local actors engaged in land management, giving particular emphasis to the role of these scenarios in encouraging integrated management. To accomplish this objective, we interviewed local actors who actively participated in the co-construction of the scenario narratives or learned about the scenarios during dissemination workshops. We then analysed the data via a thematic and lexicometric analysis. The findings highlighted the dual function of these scenarios as a catalyst for pre-existing political will to promote integrated management and as a tool for raising awareness about major environmental challenges. At the group level, the outcomes encompassed aspects such as basing political decisions on the results of scenarios and fostering collaboration between institutions. These outcomes were observed among the actors involved in co-constructing scenarios or those with pre-existing motivations to pursue integrated management initiatives. Additional personal outcomes included an increased awareness of environmental challenges and the consolidation of non-formalised knowledge. We argue that combining co-construction and dissemination enhances the outcomes of scenarios considerably.

Roles, responsibilities and partnerships

The purpose of this study is to propose new systems for improvement of coastal landscape management in Busan area. The coastal landscape management systems in Busan are divided into urban planning sector, coastal management sector and environmental preservation sector without any comprehensive lay or integrated management system. These findings indicate that the coastal landscape is in need of integrated management in the form of coastal management rather than urban planning because coastal landscape os different from urban landscape by nature. The coastal landcape management ordinance which is based on the Coastal Management Ant should be established and the special zoning system for costal landscape management is to be set up under this ordinance. Then the comprehensive landscape plan for Busan coastal area and the design guidelines for each zone are mandatory. Also Busan city government and the district office must have a responsible department, experts and coastal landscape review committees.

Coastal communities in the Southeast Asian region are presently at risk from natural disasters emerging from climate change. Along with these situations are landscape-based solutions that arise immediate concerns for the landscape management approaches for coastal areas, aiming at reduction of threats toward communities. Beach communities like in Tanjung Lesung in Banten, Indonesia, and Puerto Galera in Oriental Mindoro in the Philippines have become subject contexts in this comparative study, considering that potential landscape management solutions have been observed from some cultures in both places, which may promote profound techniques that are cultivated from Southeast Asia. This research employs SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) frameworks to evaluate the environmental features of both Tanjung Lesung and Puerto Galera. These methods were preassigned to investigate their advantages in studying the landscape and their capacity to provide valuable insights for the development of both destination’s Landscape Character Management Plan. Structured around four interrelated objectives: (1) geospatial integration, (2) indicator system development, (3) synergistic integration, and (4) landscape management enhancement, the research utilizes a multifaceted approach. This includes desk reviews, observations, interviews with key informants, and mapping, supplementing the SWOT-PEST analysis. In doing so, an integrated methodological framework set in a spatial context was the result leading to determining strategic areas, nodes, and networks that are crucial to improving the environment, primarily characterized as the coastal landscapes, thus serving as potential coastal landscape management references of other coastal landscape areas with similar conditions in the Southeast Asian region.

Purpose of ReviewOwnership patterns and the associated management characteristics are related to forest structures, biodiversity patterns, and their conservation worldwide. A literature review on this topic is missing so far. We fill this gap with an emphasis on the temperate forests of Europe and North America. Mixed-ownership landscapes are the special focus of the analysis. In a first step, historical effects of ownership patterns on forest structure and biodiversity are elucidated. Second, connections between present-time forest ownership patterns and both forest structural and biodiversity patterns are analyzed. Finally, implications for integrative conservation management are evaluated with a special focus on mixed-ownership forest landscapes.Recent FindingsClose linkages between ownership type-specific forest management and particular forest structural and biodiversity patterns are identified for past and current forest landscapes. Both in Europe and North America, publicly and privately owned forests show comparable lines of historical development but with a time shift. Forest reserves and ancient woodland with long ecological continuity appear to be mainly connected with public ownership. A high diversity of management approaches and cultural landscape habitats is characteristic of non-industrial small private forests. In mixed-ownership landscapes, a more diverse mosaic of habitats has developed than in mono-ownership landscapes.SummaryWe conclude that cross-boundary ecosystem management is crucial for effective conservation in present-day mixed-ownership landscapes. Integrative forest management that considers biodiversity and social-ecological aspects across ownerships is indispensable. We present a framework of implications for conservation management in mixed-ownership forest landscapes that build on each other and may enhance cross-boundary ecosystem management.

Traveling in nature has become increasingly popular since the post-pandemic period, with Ranca Upas Campground (RUC) in Bandung being a prime destination. Visitor numbers have been steadily rising since 2019. To keep this interest alive, we must maintain the quality of the RUC's landscape. RUC's landscape, facilities, and infrastructure must be improved and maintained. Implementing Integrated Landscape Management (ILM), which focuses on stakeholder collaboration—including primary, supporting, and key stakeholders—is essential for effective landscape management. This mixed-method research uses focus group discussions and Likert-scale questionnaires to assess stakeholder involvement and landscape management quality at RUC, followed by in-depth interviews to understand stakeholder roles and responsibilities. The evaluation variables and indicators are based on five elements that reflect the level of stakeholder collaboration in the ILM application and Ministerial Regulation No. 24 of 2015 concerning Campground Business Standards. The evaluation results show that all variables fall into the medium-level assessment category, with only one ILM variable, collaborative planning, rated low. Based on the evaluation and interviews regarding stakeholder roles and responsibilities, strategies were developed for stakeholder engagement in nature tourism development and landscape management at RUC, enhancing environmental conservation awareness and promoting creative economy initiatives based on local wisdom to ensure its sustainability.

This chapter addresses how indigenous agroforestry systems relate to, and can be adapted for, integrative landscape management strategies and sustainable supply chain development. We begin by describing the role of indigenous agroforestry and human activities more generally in the history of Amazonian landscapes. We argue based on this discussion that indigenous land use practices, such as agroforestry, should be more strongly supported by governmental and non-governmental entities. Next, we explain why agroforestry has started to receive greater attention in recent years and describe the context of Napo, Ecuador, a region in the Upper Amazon that has been characterized in recent decades by in-migration, urbanization, and greater market integration. These processes have been both accompanied and facilitated by infrastructure development and the expansion of government services to rural communities. In the following section, we describe the Amazonian Kichwa agroforestry, or ‘chakra’ system, and its role in overall landscape management. Next, we discuss the potential of guayusa (Ilex guayusa) commercialization to serve as a promising example of integrating agroforestry with sustainable supply chains. Then, we analyze the possibilities of building new supply chains based on agroforestry and other forest products and describe some of the challenges associated with applying the guayusa commercialization model to other species. Finally, we discuss efforts to better integrate agroforestry management into a variety of other landscape management practices. We conclude with a series of policy suggestions for building sustainable supply chains for agroforestry and other forest products and integrating agroforestry with robust landscape management strategies.

There is a growing recognition of the need for frameworks for environmental management which transcend disciplinary boundaries while building upon established approaches to applied research which have recognized legitimacy and utility. This paper investigates ways of thinking about practical transdisciplinarity in cases of integrated environmental and landscape management. A brief review is first presented of systemic conceptions which can inform our transdisciplinary practice, including ‘civic science’ and a recognition of contestable concepts. This is followed by a discussion of current approaches to inquiry and management of lived-in environments and landscapes, particularly that of integrated catchment management (ICM). Three case studies at different scales are then described to highlight the importance of core ‘contestable concepts’ around which transdisciplinary dialogues can occur. The first case study is that of the question of ‘risk’ in relation to the Hawkesbury Water Reuse Scheme, on the Hawkesbury campus of the University of Western Sydney. The second case study is that of ‘investment’ in stormwater and wastewater management in the Hawkesbury–Nepean River Catchment, in Western Sydney. The third case study is of the question of ‘meta-methodology’ when developing cases of ICM in China which build on both international experiences and the local context. The final section engages with transdisciplinarity as a contestable concept itself. The breadth of fields of inquiry engaging with this notion are briefly identified, along with some key examples of emerging concepts and language which may be broadly applicable to cases of environmental and landscape management. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Source-to-Sea Landscape: A hybrid integrative territory management approach

Systematic Conservation Planning: an Updated Protocol

Reflecting on several crucial issues regarding the protection, planning, and management of archaeological landscapes from the point of view of the Discipline of Landscape Architecture, the article focusses on the roles of the vegetal component and plant biodiversity in the landscaping of archaeological sites.After outlining a background framework of the theoretical, cultural, and ecological relationships between vegetation and ruins adopting a landscape architecture approach, the article proposes a set of conceptual and operational tools to deal with active and inventive1 conservation of archaeological landscapes, striving to adopt the “strong forward-looking” attitude recommended by the European Landscape Convention (Florence 2000).By re-reading the consolidated concept of biodiversity (CBD, 1992) according to a different research dimension, the concept of temporal diversity is explored and proposed as a key issue in the interpretation and planning of layered landscapes. Focusing in particular on design issues in the management of ruin and vegetation integration, an innovative approach is presented in regards to various greenery-related potentialities in the landscaping and management of archaeological sites.The article’s concluding remarks aim to open new trans-disciplinary windows of research on active and inventive conservation of archaeological landscapes to foster further exploration of this potentially broad ambit of investigation.

This special issue (SI) is primarily composed of 12 papers generated from a selection of contributions from two main events. The first event was the biannual conference organized by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Working Party (Division 8): Forest Landscape Ecology, held in Tartu (Estonia) in 2015, under the theme 'Sustaining Ecosystem Services in Forested Landscapes'. The second event was a symposium organized during the Ecosummit in Montpellier (France) in 2016 under the theme Ecological Sustainability: Engineering Change. The symposium was a joint effort from the EU-funded OpenNESS project, IALE and IUFRO communities, under the theme 'Scenarios and models of key indirect and direct drivers in relation to nature's benefits to people'. These two events have a common ground addressing the use of ecosystem services (ES) in planning and policymaking at different scales. Although the focus of the events, and of this SI, is multi-sectoral, emphasis is given on integrative multifunctional landscape management approaches, with examples mainly from forested landscapes. Besides, this common effort integrates important inputs from the forest cluster of the EU-OpenNESS project (Operationalization of natural capital and ecosystem services) that also participated in the symposia and exchange of ideas and approaches.

Understanding landscape as a socio-ecological system where systematic interactions occur among diverse ecosystems and human society is necessary for a sustainable landscape and resource management. However, many countries with rapid economic growth, including South Korea, depend on conventional planning and policy decisions to meet increasing demands for the use of specific natural resources. Such resource-oriented planning and policy which neglect considerations for the surrounding landscape can result in conflicts of interest and regulation. We designed a landscape conservation value (LCV) map of Jeju Island, Korea to overcome rising managerial and policy issues with the provision of systematic perspectives of landscape. With a consideration for natural and human-modified characteristics of the landscape, we used landform and land cover data to create fundamental landscape types. Then, the LCV was assigned to each type by a board of landscape experts. Within a study region, we observed relatively high values in registered protected areas and unique landscapes, and areas where high and low values are aligned. The resultant LCV map can identify areas that potentially require an integrated approach to prevent adverse effects caused by a conventional approach.