Abstract
The insulin-like peptide (ILP) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways play a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, growth and development, fecundity, stress resistance, and lifespan. ILPs are encoded by multigene families that are expressed in nervous and non-nervous organs, including the midgut, salivary glands, and fat body, in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. Thus, more multidirectional and more complex control of insect metabolism can occur. ILPs are not the only factors that regulate metabolism. ILPs interact in many cross-talk interactions of different factors, for example, hormones (peptide and nonpeptide), neurotransmitters and growth factors. These interactions are observed at different levels, and three interactions appear to be the most prominent/significant: (1) coinfluence of ILPs and other factors on the same target cells, (2) influence of ILPs on synthesis/secretion of other factors regulating metabolism, and (3) regulation of activity of cells producing/secreting ILPs by various factors. For example, brain insulin-producing cells co-express sulfakinins (SKs), which are cholecystokinin-like peptides, another key regulator of metabolism, and express receptors for tachykinin-related peptides, the next peptide hormones involved in the control of metabolism. It was also shown that ILPs in Drosophila melanogaster can directly and indirectly regulate AKH. This review presents an overview of the regulatory role of insulin-like peptides in insect metabolism and how these factors interact with other players involved in its regulation.
Highlights
The insulin/insulin-like peptide signalling (ILP signalling) pathway is an old and evolutionarily conserved pathway that widely regulates metabolism throughout the whole metazoan kingdom (Jin Chan and Steiner, 2000; Fernandez and Torres-Alemán, 2012; Vitali et al, 2018; Sharma et al, 2019)
This review presents an overview of the regulatory role of insulin-like peptides in insect metabolism and how these factors interact with other players involved in its regulation
Analysis of data concerning the role of ILPs in the regulation of insect physiology shows that this peptide family is one of the crucial groups of peptide hormones that control insect life, which is in line with situations occurring in mammals or more generally in vertebrates
Summary
The insulin/insulin-like peptide signalling (ILP signalling) pathway is an old and evolutionarily conserved pathway that widely regulates metabolism throughout the whole metazoan kingdom (Jin Chan and Steiner, 2000; Fernandez and Torres-Alemán, 2012; Vitali et al, 2018; Sharma et al, 2019). IGFlike Drome-ILP6 regulates carbohydrate and lipid storage, and its nutrient-dependent production is controlled by the FOXO transcription factor, which upregulated dilp6 transcript level in the fat body (Slaidina et al, 2009; Bai et al, 2012).
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