Abstract
Respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the respiratory system to maintain a proper gas exchange. Its diagnosis is performed using an arterial blood gas test, which shows PaO2 levels < 60mm Hg and PaCO2 levels ≥ 45mm Hg while breathing ambient air. There are numerous causes of chronic respiratory failure (CRF), which result from the various elements that are part of the respiratory apparatus. The symptoms of CRF result from hypoxemia and hypercapnia and include dyspnea, arterial hypertension secondary to systemic vasoconstriction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, agitation and headache. In advanced phases, hypercapnic coma, polyglobulia, cor pulmonale and thromboembolic phenomena can occur. Additional tests for diagnosing CRF include functional respiratory tests, imaging tests, stress tests, respiratory polygraphy and polysomnography.
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