Abstract
The higher energy and luminosity of the LHC initiated the development of dedicated technologies for radiation monitoring and luminosity measurement. A dedicated pixelated luminosity detector measures coincidences in several three-layer telescopes of silicon pixel detectors to arrive at a luminosity for each colliding LHC bunch pair. In addition, charged particle tracking allows to monitor the location of the collision point. The upgraded fast beam conditions monitor measures the particle flux using 24 two-pad single crystalline diamond sensors, equipped with a fast front-end ASIC produced in 130nm CMOS technology. The excellent time resolution is used to separate collision products from machine induced background. A new beam-halo monitor at larger radius exploits Cherenkov light produced by relativistic charged particles in fuzed quartz crystals to provide direction sensitivity and time resolution to separate incoming and outgoing particles. The back-end electronics of the beam monitoring systems includes dedicated modules with high bandwidth digitizers developed in both VME and microTCA standards for per bunch beam measurements and gain monitoring. All new and upgraded sub-detectors have been taking data from the first day of LHC operation in April 2015. Results on their commissioning and essential characteristics using data since the start-up of LHC will be presented.
Highlights
The Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity (BRIL) project of the CMS experiment is responsible for measuring: luminosity, machine induced background (MIB) [1] and beam timing
Proton– proton and heavy-ion collisions can be simulated, as well as machine induced background simulations following a simulation of the LHC performance and the particle showers inside the LHC tunnel [8]
The systems used for machine induced background measurements are BCM1F, Beam condition monitor for loss monitoring (BCML) and Beam halo monitor (BHM)
Summary
The Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity (BRIL) project of the CMS experiment is responsible for measuring: luminosity, machine induced background (MIB) [1] and beam timing. BRIL systems provide active protection in case of intense beam loss events [2] and give various inputs to the CMS trigger system. To achieve these goals a variety of detectors, operated outside of the central CMS data acquisition, are used. Proton– proton and heavy-ion collisions can be simulated, as well as machine induced background simulations following a simulation of the LHC performance and the particle showers inside the LHC tunnel [8]
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