Inspection, Reform, and Control: The Theological School of Halki in the Archival Records of Early Republican Educational Policy

Measurement and evaluation constitute one of the most basic elements of education. Traditional and supplementary tools are employed in measurement and evaluation. It is recommended to use supplementary tools alongside traditional tools, especially in curricula implemented in 2005 and subsequent years. In this regard, Turkish teachers' use of supplementary measurement and evaluation tools specified by Turkish course curriculum is of significant importance. Moreover, it is essential to determine whether supplementary measurement and evaluation tools are included in secondary school Turkish textbooks, which are the basic material of Turkish teaching and the implementation of the curriculum. This analysis is crucial as it represents the material dimension of the subject. Hence, it is necessary to reveal the use of supplementary measurement and evaluation tools in language skills teaching in terms of practitioner and material dimensions. This study aims to explore the use of supplementary measurement and evaluation tools in teaching language skills considering both their practitioner and material dimensions. On analyzing the relevant literature, no research was found that addresses this subject in a multi-dimensional and up-to-date manner. This study is expected to contribute to supplementary measurement and evaluation processes in teaching language skills and to raise awareness among Turkish teachers towards these tools. The study employed a qualitative case study. The working group consisted of 33 Turkish teachers who were actively teaching during the 2022-2023 academic year. The study materials involved secondary school Turkish textbooks used as teaching materials in the 2022-2023 academic year in the schools where the teachers worked. This study deployed a semi-structured interview form and document review chart developed by the researcher as data collection tools. Content analysis and descriptive analysis, which are qualitative data analysis techniques, were used during data analysis. Content analysis was applied to the data obtained from the working group, while descriptive analysis for the data on the study material. The data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA 2020, a qualitative data analysis program. The findings reveal that Turkish teachers mostly use observation forms for assessing listening and watching skills; evaluation form and peer evaluation for speaking skills; observation form and checklist for reading skills and an evaluation form, self-evaluation and peer evaluation for writing skills. Supplementary measurement and evaluation tools were mostly used for reading and writing skills, while fewer tools were preferred for speaking and listening/watching skills compared to the other two skills. Secondary school Turkish textbooks incorporate self-assessment, peer assessment, and project assignments as supplementary tools, with self-evaluation being the most prevalent. The majority of these tools included in textbooks are aimed at writing and speaking skills. The most supplementary measurement and evaluation tools are included in the eighth grade level textbooks, while the least in the sixth and seventh grade level textbooks. The seventh-grade textbook demonstrates the greatest variety in these tools. Based on these findings, various suggestions are provided for practitioners, textbook preparation institutions, and those who will work on Turkish language teaching.

This study aimed to investigate the social and emotional learning (SEL) skills of pre-service language teachers. A sequential explanatory research design was employed, involving 139 participants from two different language programs, English Language Teaching and Turkish Language Teaching, at a university in Turkey. The quantitative data obtained through the SEL scale revealed that participants exhibited strong skills in problem-solving and relationship-building but demonstrated a moderate level of self-awareness. Additionally, their stress management skills were found to be underdeveloped. Qualitative analysis further revealed that essential SEL competencies, such as emotion regulation and anger management, were limited, and participants frequently relied on avoidance strategies for stress management. This study highlights that SEL strategies should be incorporated into teacher education programs to better prepare teacher candidates for the complexities of teaching and learning environments while promoting their overall well-being. The study concludes with recommendations for the inclusion of SEL interventions in teacher training curricula to enhance pre-service teachers’ social and emotional competence in their professional lives.

INTRODUCTION This chapter focuses on the formation and consolidation of states in the Nigerian area from the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries AD. During this period, large, centralized states built upon strong agrarian bases, generating surpluses that allowed for economic diversification and engagement in regional and international trade. One such diversification was the growth of an international trade in slaves, particularly out of the south. This chapter emphasizes the role that slavery and the slave trade played in social relations and in the establishment and consolidation of political power in states throughout the Nigerian region. It is important to note that slavery and the slave trade were not the main factors in the formation of these states, most of which existed in one form or another before the arrival of European traders on the coasts in the late fifteenth century. From the 1500s through the 1800s, however, the trade in slaves did provide important sources of revenue and access to items such as guns and European luxury goods that contributed greatly to the consolidation of wealth and power in many states. In the states of the northern savannas and the Sahel, the institution of slavery had deep roots, and connections with the trans-Saharan trade routes meant that markets for slave exports had existed for several centuries. As the main trans-Saharan trade routes moved east in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, coinciding with the expansion and consolidation of the Hausa states and the Borno empire, tensions between these states mounted.

Under pressure: A qualitative comparative analysis on the factors contributing to the success and failure of cross-border gas pipeline construction in Europe and Turkey

This study involved qualitative research in the form of a case study to examine the intercultural sensitivity of Turkish language teachers. In the study, criterion sampling was selected and an interview form consisting of seven open-ended questions was applied to 20 Turkish language teachers. Participants working in secondary schools, which are basic education institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education, and in units related to assignment in different provinces of Turkey. The research questions were prepared by considering the five following dimensions of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale developed by Chen and Starosta (2000): interaction engagement, respect for cultural differences, interaction self- confidence, interaction enjoyment, and interaction attentiveness. Content analysis, a qualitative data analysis method, was used. As a result of the study, it was seen that most of the participants exhibited a generally appropriate attitude in terms of having intercultural sensitivity. Some of these participants who exhibited an appropriate attitude had deficiencies in terms of some dimensions of intercultural sensitivity. On the other hand, a significant portion of the participants did not exhibit an appropriate attitude in terms of having intercultural sensitivity in general. At the rest of the paper, some suggestions are made in order to improve teachers’ intercultural sensitivity and to overcome their deficiencies.

This study seeks to determine the problems faced by the Turkish instructors serving in the primary education institutions and camps within the framework of the project PICTES in teaching Turkish as a foreign language to Syrian students and to provide insights into their opinions on their participation in the certification program for teaching Turkish as a foreign language created by Turkish Language Teaching, Research and Application Centre (TA–MER). Following a qualitative research model, this case study employs purposive sampling and there are 25 Turkish instructors serving in the city of Mersin and Adana in the sample of the study. The data are collected through personal information forms and interview forms. The data are analyzed by means of content analysis, using QDA (Qualitative Data Analysis) Miner Lite program. The analysis yields 14 themes and 37 codes grouped under these 14 themes. The results of this study are mostly congruent with previous research in the literature; the study concludes that most of the instructors do not benefit from instructional technologies and that the certification program created by TA–MER is not useful at the desired level in helping instructors use teaching methods and techniques.

Evaluation of Turkish prospective teachers’ attitudes towards teaching profession (Near East University case)

In battery-powered applications, it is necessary to estimate the battery system’s maximum allowed current/power for a certain future time horizon, commonly referred to as the system’s state of power (SoP). Battery system SoP is sensitive to multiple factors, such as battery state of health, state of charge, temperature, and their imbalances in multibattery systems. Analyzing such sensitivities is important for selecting appropriate system components and connection structure during the system design and for predicting substantial SoP changes to proactively guide the online power control. However, such sensitivity analyses are challenging since the SoP is not directly expressed in terms of these factors, and the SoP expression can become significantly complicated for interconnected heterogeneous battery cells. To address these challenges, qualitative and quantitative sensitivity analyses are first conducted for both series and parallel battery systems by deriving approximate expressions for the maximum system currents constrained by different operating limits. Some critical insights, commonly overlooked in industrial practices, have been revealed for improving the system SoPs. To pursue reliable analysis results, exact system SoPs are evaluated based on an accurate estimation method along with battery modeling parameters identified through experiments. Experimental tests are also performed to demonstrate some analysis results.

Under which conditions do regional organizations in the Americas impose sanctions on member states that violate democracy? To address this question, the article combines a qualitative comparative analysis applied to 55 presumed threats to democracy brought to the attention of regional organizations (ROs), and a process tracing analysis of two cases of the imposition of sanctions. The analysis reveals that ROs impose sanctions despite lack of support or even obstruction by the US, when the threats are committed against the incumbent in relatively weak member states. The unique case in which an RO suspended a relatively powerful state because of threats by the incumbent required the convergence of interests between ROs’ most powerful member states, and the support of the US. The article demonstrates that under specific conditions, ROs in the Americas can become relatively autonomous enforcers of democracy-protection norms.

This paper aims to find out the national security threats that may occur with the presence of foreigners in Indonesia and the supervision of foreigners according to the immigration law in the face of potential national security threats in Indonesia. The writing of this paper uses a normative juridical approach, which is a method for studying theories, legal principles, and laws and regulations relevant to research. The data collection method used is literature study. The author conducted a literature study of laws and regulations, immigration journals, and books related to immigration. Data analysis uses qualitative normative data analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the potential security threat of Indonesia with foreigners is a form of transnational organized crime (TOC), such as Cyber Crime, Human Trafficking, terrorism, drug trafficking, and money laundering (Money Laundry). The form of immigration supervision that can be carried out due to the potential threat is administrative supervision and field supervision. In addition, to develop the advancement of science and technology, the existence of a Foreigner Reporting Application (APOA) is targeted at hotel or lodging management to provide their access waivers. APOA serves to provide reports regarding the presence of foreigners to the local immigration office. Another form of immigration supervision is the presence of the TIMPORA ForeignEr Supervision Team assigned with the aim of supervising and cracking down on foreign nationals in indonesia's administrative regions

This research aims to analyze the internal control in order to reduce the level of bad debts on delivery Credit Unsecured PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Branch Sudirman Palembang, with the formulation of the problem of how the internal control provision Loan (KTA) at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Sudirman Palembang Branch in relation to credit risk.To conduct research in order to get the necessary data in the discussion, the authors used a qualitative descriptive analysis method, which provides an explanation of the company overview, the separation of the operational and control procedures that exist.The analysis conducted in this study was to assess the effectiveness of internal control provision Loan (KTA) at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Sudirman Palembang Branch in relation to credit risk.Based on the results of research and analysis has been done, it was concluded that surveillance conducted by Officer and Manager PT. Bank Mandiri (persro) Tbk Branch Sudirman Palembang in granting Loan (KTA) either direct field supervision or administrative supervision is appropriate / effective. Keywords: Internal Controls, Loan and Credit Risk

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law in addressing environmental pollution in Indonesia and to explore the concept of an ideal environmental criminal law enforcement framework for the future. This study applies a normative legal research method to obtain relevant data concerning the issues under investigation. The data used in this research come from secondary data sources and tertiary legal materials. Additionally, primary data are utilized to support the legal materials obtained from secondary sources. The data analysis is conducted using a qualitative juridical analysis method. This research employs John Rawls’ theory of justice and the theory of law enforcement. The findings of this study indicate that, despite efforts to enforce criminal law against environmental polluters, the sanctions imposed often fail to create the expected deterrent effect. Law enforcement still encounters challenges, such as conflicts between economic interests and environmental protection, weak legal culture, as well as limitations in infrastructure and evidence gathering. To enhance its effectiveness, a more comprehensive approach is required, integrating restorative and preventive approaches along with the application of the principle of distributive justice. The restorative approach focuses on victim and environmental recovery through alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, while the preventive approach, through administrative supervision, aims to prevent violations from occurring. Additionally, strengthening legal awareness through public education and enhancing collaboration among law enforcement agencies, such as the Ministry of Environment, the police, and the prosecutor's office, are essential steps in establishing a more effective and just environmental criminal law enforcement system.

the Integration of Syrian Children into the Turkish Education System (PIKTES). The study was conducted with mixed method. Quantitative data were collected through personal information form and Maslack Burnout Inventory (MBI), while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The sample of the study consists of 301 Turkish language instructors from different cities and branches, who were determined by simple random sampling method, one of the probability sampling methods. According to the findings of the research, as a result of quantitative data analysis, it was determined that Turkish Language Teachers were moderately exhausted in the emotional exhaustion sub-dimension, highly exhausted in the depersonalization sub-dimension and low in the personal accomplishment sub-dimension. It was found that the burnout levels of Turkish language instructors differed significantly in the sub-dimensions of the scale according to their views on age, branch and workload, but did not differ significantly according to the number of students. As a result of the qualitative analyses, Turkish language instructors stated that the fact that they were working under the labor law within the scope of PIKTES negatively affected them emotionally and that there were cases where they received negative reactions from their colleagues and supervisors. It was concluded that working with foreign national students negatively affected them physically and emotionally and that PIKTES had a negative impact on their motivation due to working conditions.

After almost 30 years since the creation of the Psychiatric Nursing Concentration Area in the Graduate Program of the University of São Paulo Nursing School, it is important to take a look at its scientific production in order to substantiate reflection about teaching. This is a descriptive-exploratory study. It used as sources the registers of the Graduate Service, abstracts from theses and dissertations, and memoranda and official correspondence. The data collected were analyzed in the light of the transformations occurred in this structure that has graduated 60 students, of which 50 obtained a Master's Degree and 10 a PhD, and that has been restructuring its disciplines, research lines and projects with the objective of responding to internal and external evaluations and adjusting to the guidelines of the country's fostering agencies. Current scientific production points out to an alignment with the guidelines of the Psychiatric Reform, and a tendency to produce knowledge through the concrete practice of the workers in the assistance field, the mana-gement and the teaching of Mental Health.

This study presents a systematic review of recent academic literature on public risk management in central government settings, with a specific focus on the revenue sector. Using the PRISMA-guided Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, it analyzes 30 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024. The selected articles were classified based on research methods, theoretical frameworks, country contexts, and revenue-related risk phenomena. The findings reveal that the implementation of risk management in central governments remains limited, fragmented, and often symbolic. Risk management practices are not yet fully integrated into strategic decision-making. Key challenges include rigid bureaucratic systems, institutional pressures, and organizational cultures that lack strong risk awareness. Additionally, there is a clear gap between theoretical frameworks and practical application. The study highlights the need for future research to adopt multidisciplinary approaches that align more closely with institutional realities and evolving fiscal challenges. Such research should aim to bridge the gap between theory and practice and offer more adaptive, context-specific strategies for managing public revenue risks. From a practical perspective, this review provides useful insights for policymakers and practitioners in developing risk management systems that go beyond administrative compliance. It promotes the use of risk management as a strategic tool to strengthen fiscal resilience and institutional legitimacy. The study offers original value by combining quantitative and qualitative analyses to build a reflective framework for improving risk governance. It supports a more contextual, participatory, and public value–oriented approach to managing risks in the revenue sector of central governments.