Abstract
We discover an inner structure of QED while the gauge potential is decomposed into two orthogonal components. Based on this, the Lagrangian of the electron-photon system is expanded to a new form and by the general method of field theory, the gauge invariant spin and orbital angular momentum operators of the electron and photon are naturally obtained from Noether's theorem. Our method, which can be generalized to the non-Abelian systems to investigate the inner structure of QCD, provides a new perspective to look on the nucleon spin crisis and opens a window into a strict and systematic resolution of this long-standing problem.
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