Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis (IA) refers to a group of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and other spondyloarthritis (SpA). IA is characterized by autoimmune-mediated joint inflammation and is associated with inflammatory cytokine networks. Innate lymphocytes, including innate-like lymphocytes (ILLs) expressing T or B cell receptors and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play important roles in the initiation of host immune responses against self-antigens and rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines upon stimulation. TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α, IFN (Interferon)-γ, Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13), IL-17A, IL-22, and GM-CSF are involved in IA and are secreted by ILLs and ILCs. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of ILL and ILC phenotypes, cytokine production and functions in IA. A better understanding of the roles of ILLs and ILCs in IA initiation and development will ultimately provide insights into developing effective strategies for the clinical treatment of IA patients.
Highlights
Inflammatory arthritis (IA) describes a group of autoimmune-associated diseases with sustained chronic inflammation that eventually result in disability and decreased quality of life
The innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) family consists of three major groups: Group 1 ILCs include conventional natural killer (NK) and Interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting ILC1s; Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) mainly produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13; and Group 3 ILCs (ILC3s), including lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, predominantly secrete IL-17 and IL-22 [7]
Yoshinago Ito et al demonstrated that CCR6+ γδ T cells were the dominant producers of IL-17 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)-induced murine arthritis and that these cells were induced by IL1β plus IL-23 independent of the T cell receptor
Summary
Reviewed by: Cai Zhang, Shandong University, China Chunhong Ma, Shandong University, China. Innate lymphocytes, including innate-like lymphocytes (ILLs) expressing T or B cell receptors and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play important roles in the initiation of host immune responses against selfantigens and rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines upon stimulation. TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α, IFN (Interferon)-γ, Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL13), IL-17A, IL-22, and GM-CSF are involved in IA and are secreted by ILLs and ILCs. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of ILL and ILC phenotypes, cytokine production and functions in IA. A better understanding of the roles of ILLs and ILCs in IA initiation and development will provide insights into developing effective strategies for the clinical treatment of IA patients
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