Abstract
This paper reports the effect of soda-lime-glass-nAg coating on the viability of an in vitro biofilm of Streptococcus oralis. Three strains (ATCC 35037 and two clinical isolates from periodontitis patients) were grown on coated with glass, glass containing silver nanoparticles, and uncoated titanium alloy disks. Two different methods were used to quantify biofilm formation abilities: crystal violet staining and determination of viable counts. The influence of the surface morphology on the cell attachment was studied. The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and using a profilometer. SEM was also used to study the formation and the development of biofilm on the coated and uncoated disks. At least a >99.7% inocula reduction of biofilm respect to titanium disks and also to glass coated disks was observed in the glass-nAg coated disks for all the studied strains. A quantitative evaluation of the release of silver was conducted in vitro to test whether and to what extend the biocidal agent (silver) could leach from the coating. These findings suggest that the biofilm formation of S. oralis strains is highly inhibited by the glass-nAg and may be useful for materials which require durable antibacterial effect on their surfaces, as it is the case of dental implants.
Highlights
The human oral cavity is a complex ecological environment where microorganisms have access to both hard and soft tissue surfaces to adhere, to develop biofilms
In a first stage homogeneous dispersed silver nanoparticles embedded into glassy matrix have been obtained as described below: A commercial soda-lime glass with the following chemical composition: 70.20 SiO2; 15.80 Na2O; 7.10 CaO; 3.20 MgO; 1.71 Al2O3, 1.06 B2O3, 0.05 K2O and 0.02 Fe2O3, is homogenously mixed with the corresponding quantity of vitellinate/nAg (ARGENOL S.L.) to obtain a sodalime-glass-nAg with 20 wt.% content of silver, it is sintered in zirconia crucibles, in two-steps by heating at a rate of 3uC/min to 500uC for 1 h and to 725uC, for 1 h
The obtained data evidenced a higher roughness and specific surface area on glass-nAg coated surfaces compared with titanium alloy disks
Summary
The human oral cavity is a complex ecological environment where microorganisms have access to both hard and soft tissue surfaces to adhere, to develop biofilms. Nanostructured materials show a higher efficiency due to the large silver specific surface, which is inversely proportional to the particle size. This fact facilitates their applications in bioscience, medicine and other fields [12]. The coating containing 20 wt.% of silver nanoparticles has an excellent biocidal activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria and against yeast. Based on those previous results, the present work is focused on assess the in vitro S. oralis adhesion to glass-nAg coating (20 wt.% nAg) of titanium alloy disks. The environmental impacts posed by releasing antimicrobial agents and the short-term effectiveness due to the exhaustion of these agents are very important factors that should be taken into account in real applications
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