Abstract
Quorum sensing controls the virulence determinants in most proteobacteria. In this work, the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of an Ayurveda spice, namely clove (Syzygium aromaticum), shown anti-quorum sensing activity. Hexane and methanol extracts of clove inhibited the response of C. violaceum CV026 to exogenously supplied N‐hexanoylhomoserine lactone, in turn preventing violacein production. Chloroform and methanol extracts of clove significantly reduced bioluminescence production by E. coli [pSB1075] grown in the presence of N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. We demonstrated that clove extract inhibited quorum sensing-regulated phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, including expression of lecA::lux (by hexane extract), swarming (maximum inhibition by methanol extract), pyocyanin (maximum inhibition by hexane extract). This study shows that the presence of natural compounds that exhibit anti-quorum sensing activity in the clove extracts may be useful as the lead of anti-infective drugs.
Highlights
Bacteria communicate with each other within their vicinity using chemical signalling molecules which are known as autoinducers
At a certain threshold, where acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) concentration increases due to increased bacterial cell density, AHL will bind to its cognate receptor and transcription regulation of the target genes will take place [4]
Syzygium aromaticum, a spice used in Ayurveda, is a source of anti-microbial agents against oral bacteria that are commonly associated with dental caries and periodontal disease [17]
Summary
Bacteria communicate with each other within their vicinity using chemical signalling molecules which are known as autoinducers. Several signalling molecules have been identified and the most common type in most Gram-negative bacteria are the N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) [2]. AHL production has been shown in an oral bacterium, namely. QS regulates diverse bacterial functions including antibiotic formation, virulence factor expression, luminescence, biofilm formation, motility and pigment production [5,6]. There is another QS system which employs 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS) as their signal molecule for virulence factor production [9,10]. Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), a spice used in Ayurveda, is a source of anti-microbial agents against oral bacteria that are commonly associated with dental caries and periodontal disease [17]. Previous studies have shown that clove oil possesses anti-QS activities towards C. violaceum CV026 and swarming motility in P. aeruginosa PA01 [19]. The present work studied the potential of the hexane, chloroform and methanol extract of cloves, dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry as QS inhibitor
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