Abstract
Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) represents current major threats to public health and considers as an important viral pathogen related to viral myocarditis. We determined the safety of methanolic extract of Calliandra haematocephala in non-infected mice then two safe doses were selected to be evaluated in infected mice with CVB3 by determining the morbidity, mortality, heart to body weight ratio (HW/BW), virus titers in heart tissue. The effect of the extract on the heart tissues and the activities LDH, AST, and CK enzymes in the mice infected with CVB3 were also determined. Our results recorded that the methanolic extract at 100 mg/kg body was safe dose in mice and didn’t shown significant changes in funtions or histological structures of liver and kindey in non-infected mice and therefore we used 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg to be evaluated in infected mice with CVB3. We observed that the methaolic extract of Calliandra haematocephala leaves at the two doses decreased the morbidity, mortality, HW/BW, virus titers, necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. The levels of LDH, AST, and CK enzymes were also reduced in the treated infected mice compared with those untreated infected mice. This result suggested that the methaolic extract of Calliandra haematocephala may represent a potential antiviral drug to treatment viral myocarditis
Highlights
Enteroviruses, including coxackie, polio, echo, and enteroviruses 68-71, are characterized by small RNA viruses in the picornaviridae family (Rajtar et al, 2008)
We observed that the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and creatine kinase (CK) enzymes were significantly increased in the serum of viral infected group than those observed in mice treated with methanolic extract of C. haematocephala at the two dosage,when they were compared to that in the normal control.These results indicated that the methanolic leaf extract protected the cardiac tissue from the harmful effect of Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) and decreased the leakage of these enzymes to blood stream and therefor their levels in the serum of treated mice were found at normal values when compared with infected controlmice
The antiviral activity was evaluated by determination of the morbidity, mortality, HB/body weight (BW) ratios, virus titers, pathological scores,and AST, CK, and LDH activities
Summary
Enteroviruses, including coxackie-, polio-, echo-, and enteroviruses 68-71, are characterized by small RNA viruses in the picornaviridae family (Rajtar et al, 2008). Coxackieviruses can cause wide variety of illness in human including myocarditis, diabetes, common cold, neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, and inflammation (Galbraith et al, 1997; Fohlman et al, 1993; Muir et al, 1996; Ramsingh et al, 1997). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antiviral activity of methanolic extract obtained from Calliandra haematocephala leaves against coxackie B3 virus in vivo. C. haematocephala is reported to contain betulinic acid (Nia et al, 1999). The betulinic acid act as an anti-inflamatory, anti-tumor and anti-HIV agents (Potier, 1991; Kashiwada et al, 1996).C. haematocephala showed various pharmacological properties such as antibacterial (Nia et al, 1999), Anti-oxidant (Moharran et al, 2006), and gastroprotective activities(Barbosa et al, 2012)
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