Inhibition of Aberrant and Constitutive Phosphorylation of the High‐Molecular‐Mass Neurofilament Subunit by CEP‐1347 (KT7515), an Inhibitor of the Stress‐Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Previous studies have implicated stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) in aberrant phosphorylation of the high-molecular-mass neurofilament subunit (NFH). We now present direct evidence for this involvement using CEP-1347, a specific inhibitor of SAPK activation. Inhibition by this drug of stress-induced phosphorylation of NFH and the middle-molecular-mass neurofilament subunit in the perikaryon of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons paralleled the decrease in levels of activated SAPKs and was essentially complete at 1 microM: CEP-1347. In addition, a role for SAPKs in the constitutive phosphorylation of NFH was demonstrated. Longterm treatment of unstressed DRG neurons with CEP-1347 lowered the steady-state phosphorylation level of NFH in neurites. No such effect was seen in neurons treated with PD 098059, which blocks activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. DRG neurites were shown to contain high basal levels of activated SAPKs. These included a 55-kDa SAPK whose activation was completely abolished at 0.05 microM: CEP-1347 and a 45-kDa SAPK that was not affected by the drug. These results indicate that SAPKs are involved in both stress-induced and constitutive phosphorylation of NFH. The differing responses of SAPKs in neurites and cell bodies to CEP-1347 inhibition further suggest the presence of different signaling pathways in the two neuronal compartments.