Abstract
The phospholipids (PLs) of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea, P. crocea) roe contain a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which can lower blood lipid levels. In previous research, PLs of P. crocea roe were found able to regulate the accumulation of triglycerides. However, none of these involve the function of DHA-containing phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC), which is the main component of PLs derived from P. crocea roe. The function by which DHA-PC from P. crocea roe exerts its effects has not yet been clarified. Herein, we used purified DHA-PC and oleic acid (OA) induced HepG2 cells to establish a high-fat model, and the cell activity and intracellular lipid levels were then measured. The mRNA and protein expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1A (CPT1A) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) in HepG2 cells were detected via RT-qPCR and western blot as well. It was found that DHA-PC can significantly regulate triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells, the effect of which was related to the activation of PPARα receptor activity, upregulation of CPT1A, and downregulation of FAS expression. These results can improve the understanding of the biofunction of hyperlipidemia mediated by DHA-PC from P. crocea roe, as well as provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of DHA-PC from P. crocea roe as a functional food additive.
Highlights
Fish roe has a high percentage of phosphatidylcholine (PC) [1,2], which has been shown to be effective for the improvement of learning ability and the reduction of plasma lipids [3,4]
To determine whether different concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-PC liposomes were toxic to HepG2 cell, we used MTT calorimetry to evaluate the effect of sample concentration on cell viability
DHA-containing phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) could significantly regulate the accumulation of triglyceride in HepG2 cells, which was evidenced by the reduced level of intracellular triglycerides
Summary
Fish roe has a high percentage of phosphatidylcholine (PC) [1,2], which has been shown to be effective for the improvement of learning ability and the reduction of plasma lipids [3,4]. Fish roe has been reported to contain large amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mainly eico-sapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have been determined to be able to prevent coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases [5], inflammation [6], cancer [7] and so on. Liposomes have attracted wide attention due to their high bioavailability, biodegradability, safety, and amphiphilicity They have considerable potential for application in the food industry to encapsulate and protect nutraceuticals and other bioactive agents, Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 485; doi:10.3390/md17090485 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs. Liposomes have been used for medical and cosmetic purposes, their applications in food systems are relatively new [16] These PLs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have received much attention because of their health benefits. These results would enhance our understanding of the effect of DHA-PC from P. crocea roe on triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells
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