Inheritance for Ownership: Examining Ideas of Land Ownership among Pahāḍi Women in Uttarakhand

This paper explores the impact of women's migration on the family network and kinship relation and the found success achieved by their families.Particularly, when a woman leaves her family for foreign employment, instantly gaps and challenges arrive regarding the family's security and taking care of children.In such situations, how do the family network and kinship networks operate, and with what effect?The study shows that when the woman is absent, family members fill the gaps and share the service as well as how they managed, controlled, consumed, saved, or invested remittance received as foreign earning by using their family and kinship networks.The study covered the two DS Divisions in the administrative district of Kurunegala in North Western Province in Sri Lanka and selected a random sample for collecting data.The study mainly depends on qualitative data using in-depth interviews, interviews with key informants.

Family networks and significant relationships with other people are seen as sources of different types of support. Kinship and social networks differ between individuals, as they are shaped by family biographies and the survival of their members. The aim of the paper was to examine the size and the structure of family and social networks among older people in selected European countries, while taking into account differences by sex, age, parental status, and country. Data from the wave 6 of SHARE survey, carried out in 17 European countries, was used. The older people’s family networks were quite large (on average, 7.8 persons), while their social networks were much smaller (on average, 2.6 persons). The family and social networks differed slightly by sex and age group, but significantly between the analysed countries. Although the size and composition of family and social networks differed significantly by parental status, the differences in SN size were much smaller between older parents and people without surviving children. The study contributes to family demography research by estimation the size and the composition of family and social networks among older people in European countries.

Problem setting. The issue of legal entities’ ownership of land plots is considered to be an important one in the field of legal regulation and scientific research, given that land ownership plays a key role in stimulating investment, business development and efficient use of natural resources. Land relations involving legal entities are regulated primarily by the provisions of land law, with some civil law provisions being taken into account. An important classification of legal entities in the context of exercising land rights is their division into private and public. At the same time, scholars base this division on the grounds for establishing a legal entity, the purpose of its activities and the form of ownership. Thus, it is noted that there are differences in the exercise of their rights to land plots by legal entities under private law compared to legal entities under public law. Such differences are manifested, in particular, in the grounds for acquisition, realization and termination of ownership. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issue of peculiarities of private property rights to land plots of legal entities under private law has not been the subject of a comprehensive study, while some issues have been addressed by such scholars as P. Kulynych, M. Shulga, T. Kovalenko, V. Nosik, A. Miroshnychenko and others. Purpose of the research is to analyze and identify the specifics of private property rights and peculiarities of private law legal entities as subjects of land ownership, and this understanding affects the efficiency of legal regulation of land relations, economic development and rational use of land resources. Article’s main body. Thus, legal entities, as subjects of land rights, have significant opportunities to acquire land plots into private ownership. The procedure for such acquisition may differ depending on the type of legal entity private or public law, as well as its national status domestic or foreign. Legal entities of private law established by Ukrainian citizens or legal entities have the right to acquire land plots for the purpose of conducting business. At the same time, the absence of clear restrictions on the use of land for other activities suggests that such legal entities may also use land plots for other purposes. The classification of land plots by their designated purpose affects the specifics of legal regulation of the acquisition of such land. Thus, land plots of almost all categories may be privately owned by legal entities. At the same time, the law establishes restrictions on the possibility of private ownership of land plots, in particular, defense land. Legal entities acquire ownership of land plots on various legal grounds. The main ones are civil law transactions, inclusion of land plots in the authorized capital, and inheritance of land. Civil law transactions may include various types of contracts, such as sale and purchase, donation and exchange. Contribution of land to the authorized capital is important for the formation of the company’s assets, contributing to its financial stability. Inheritance of land plots is governed by inheritance law and can be applied to legal entities as heirs. In addition to the main grounds, the law also provides for other ways of acquiring land plots. These include court decisions, administrative acts of public authorities and other cases specifically provided for by law. For example, according to paragraph 6-1 of the Transitional Provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine, legal entities that previously had the right to permanently use state-owned or municipally owned land plots may purchase these plots without holding auctions. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, legal entities have ample opportunities to acquire ownership of land plots, which allows them to effectively realize their business and other goals. Legislation provides a variety of legal grounds for this process, which contributes to the flexibility and adaptability of land relations in accordance with the needs of business and other areas of activity. Effective legal regulation of these processes is important for ensuring the rational use of land resources and sustainable economic development.

This study aims to examine the causal factors and mechanisms for resolving customary land disputes in Buleleng Regency, Bali. This research uses a qualitative method by collecting information from various sources such as legal regulations, previous research results, and literature studies. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the role of Pakraman village as a customary institution in resolving disputes through mediation based on customary law (Awig-awig), as well as the collaborative approach between the community, customary institutions, and the government in handling land conflicts. The results show that customary land disputes in Buleleng are triggered by various factors including community ignorance of the legal status of customary land, unclear land boundaries, and increasing economic value of land. Conflict resolution is carried out through customary mediation with the stages of verification of reports, summoning parties and witnesses and custom-based decision-making. The conclusion of this research is that legal education, participatory mapping, land certification, and strengthening local regulations are very important to prevent conflicts and realise legal certainty for indigenous peoples in the management of customary land.

POLITY, RELIGION AND SECULARISM IN INDIA: A STUDY OF INTERRELATIONSHIPS

The paper addresses an important gap in the return-migration and housing literatures. Little is known about financial resources and assets used by Caribbean elders embarking on return. Even less is known about patterns of housing investment among those who have second homes. Previous work reveals that home-owners feature more prominently among this cohort than any other housing tenure, suggesting access to housing wealth is a significant financial resource alongside lifetime savings. The literature also suggests that, in addition to land purchased specifically for the purpose of a return, some returnees have access to inherited land in the island of origin. The paper argues that greater attention should be paid to the role of home-ownership status, housing wealth leakage into the Caribbean and land inheritance within return-migration planning for this group. Life-history accounts are drawn from a sample of Caribbean home-owners based in Birmingham and London at different stages of return-migration planning. The theoretical framework used to explore the risks and opportunities of return-migration planning locates the resources available to returnees within broader networks of financial, social and kinship networks.

This article explores how low-level bureaucrats in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand both construct and feel for “endangered” Hindu subjects in ways that profoundly shape their legal practice. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork from rural Uttarakhand, I suggest that focusing on the sociohistorical production of embodied feeling among bureaucrats allows us to understand the incremental, almost unremarked, remaking of law along majoritarian lines. I situate this inquiry in a social and political context marked by violent suspicion of religious minorities, especially Muslim men. Tracking bureaucratic anxieties around love jihad specifically, this article engages the following questions: How are state conceptions of justice, victimhood, and culpability shaped by particular embodied affects which, in turn, are moulded by contingent historical regimes of identification and suspicion? Through what socially resonant attachments and disavowals does this structure of feeling and thinking come into being? How do the emergent, contingent feelings of state actors shape the everyday acts of storytelling, interpretation, and evaluation that make up the reading of a legal case?

This collection of essays examines women's involvement in politics in early modern England, as writers, as members of kinship and patronage networks, and as petitioners, intermediaries and patrons. It challenges conventional conceptualizations of female power and influence, defining 'politics' broadly in order to incorporate women excluded from formal, male-dominated state institutions. The chapters embrace a range of interdisciplinary approaches: historical, literary, palaeographic, linguistic and gender based. They deal with a variety of issues related to female intervention within political spheres, including women's rhetorical, persuasive and communicative skills; the production by women of a range of texts that can be termed 'political'; the politicization of marital, family and kinship networks; and female involvement in patronage and court politics. Women and Politics in Early Modern England, 1450-700 also looks at ways in which images of female power and authority were represented within canonical texts, such as Shakespeare's plays and Milton's epic poetry. The volume extends the range of areas and texts for the study of women, gender and politics, and locates women's political, social and cultural activities within the contexts of the family, locality and wider national stage. It argues for a blurring of the boundaries between the traditional categories of the 'public' and the 'private,' the 'domestic' and the 'political'; and enhances our understanding of the ways in which women exerted political force through informal, intimate and personal, as well as more official, and formal channels of power. As a whole the book makes an important contribution to the reassessment of early modern politics from the perspective of women.

Land conversion associated with renewable energy expansion generates profound socio-cultural transformations in agrarian communities. This study aims to analyze how wind power development reshapes agrarian identity, social capital configuration, and the meaning of land within rural society from an anthropology of development perspective. This research applies qualitative literature-based analysis supported by recent peer-reviewed scholarship on land use change, rural transformation, social capital, and political ecology. Conceptual synthesis integrates sustainable livelihood framework, identity negotiation theory, and energy landscape analysis to construct an interpretive analytical model. Findings indicate that agricultural land conversion produces deagrarianization, occupational shifts, and reconfiguration of social stratification. Land is redefined from a genealogical and productive space into infrastructure and investment asset. Social capital grounded in kinship networks, customary institutions, and local organizations functions as a resilience mechanism through risk redistribution, collective solidarity, and participatory negotiation. Energy landscapes restructure symbolic and material relations between community and territory, generating both hybrid identities and conflict dynamics. Inclusive governance determines whether renewable energy fosters adaptive transformation or deepens commodification and exclusion. Renewable energy transition in rural areas requires socio-cultural recognition beyond technical implementation. Integrating local identity, participatory governance, and community ownership strengthens just and sustainable transformation pathways.

Place-based or territorially confined approaches in forced migration studies are well-suited to investigating how displaced people live and interact with others in certain localities and navigate their way through governance regimes of aid and asylum. They may, however, fail to capture the inherent multi-sitedness of many displaced people’s everyday lives and their translocal connections across the globe. This chapter presents the role of family- and kin-network figurations in mobilities for Syrian refugees in Jordan. As part of the EU-funded Horizon 2020 project ‘Transnational Figurations of Displacement’ (TRAFIG), the chapter asserts that a key prospect for getting out of protracted displacement is the role of figurations, including family- and kin-based networks. Inspired by figurational sociology, the chapter seeks to highlight how ambiguous and uncertain family and kin networks are experienced by Syrian refugees in these ‘translocal figurations of displacement’ and how they impact on their mobility. Utilising 23 interviews – 6 males and 17 females aged between 20 and 49 – we examine the ways in which figurational networks of family and kin shaped and reshape refugees’ experiences with and desires for mobility bothintoandwithinJordan and their aspirationsbeyondJordan. In particular, we find that family and kin networks provide key socio-cultural structures and figurational contours to the mobilities experienced by Syrians through (1) knowledge-sharing and (2) trust-based interactions. We pay careful attention to the idea that future mobility is as much about imaginations and aspirations that reflect the family- and kin-network figurations, which may or may not be grounded in the real possibilities for mobility.

Selecting the State or Choosing the Chief? The Political Determinants of Smallholder Land Titling

In this article we examine how five immigrant entrepreneurs in Malaysia and Singapore have internationalized their businesses and the role of transnational family networks in this process. We show that one of the key means by which these entrepreneurs are able to access resources and make use of contacts across borders is through transnational family and kinship networks that allow them to simultaneously engage in social and business activities in both countries. We discuss the characteristics of these family networks compared with other social networks that make them of particular value in internationalization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This article highlights the important function of family and kinship networks in the pastoral industry of the Port Phillip District and Victoria, Australia, during the nineteenth century. Using the core case study of the extended Cameron family--or the Cameron “clan” from the Scottish Highlands--in the Western District of Victoria, it demonstrates how family networks assisted in the accumulation and consolidation of large pastoral properties and enterprises, and thus aided the agricultural entrepreneurialism of migrants who saw greater commercial opportunities throughout the Empire than at home.

The stigmatized character of hazardous chemicals has caused individuals in hazards to take excessive protective actions. Here, social capital is introduced to discuss its influence on the protective action decision model (PADM), considering this variable has a relatively high individual trust level in regards to information on hazardous chemicals. A model was constructed by taking protective action perceptions as the dependent variable, social capital as the independent variable, the pre-decision process as the mediating variable, and socioeconomic status as the moderating variables. Data were collected with a neighborhood sampling method, and a total of 457 questionnaires were obtained from neighboring residents near a large cold ammonia storage house in Haidian District, Beijing. Results: While the family and friendship networks produced a larger positive influence, the kinship network produced a smaller positive influence; furthermore, the influence of social capital must be brought through the pre-decision process; finally, socioeconomic status has a directional moderation on the friendship network, an enhancing moderation on the kinship network, and a weakening moderation on the family network.

This collection of papers from a project of the National Museum of Ethnology in Japan, unites anthropologists in an international collaborative effort to reexamine the dynamics of family, ethnicity, and the nation-state in China and in overseas Chinese society. Using ethnographic fieldwork, this book sheds light on the interactions between state, society, and identity through a variety of channels, such as family, lineage, kinship or quasi-kinship network, national frameworks such as religion association, Minority Autonomous Regions, and ethnic dress. This research demonstrates that even for the same cultural phenomenon, the discourses at the common, the elite, and the institutional levels will be adjusted based on the needs of the social context, market economy, and global networks.