Information system equality for food security--implementation of the food safety control system in Taiwan.

Food safety control system in Taiwan––The example of food service sector

Factors influencing the implementation of food safety control systems in Taiwanese international tourist hotels

The overall dimensions of the ATLAS experiment and its harsh environment, due to radiation and magnetic field, represent new challenges for the implementation of the detector control system (DCS). It supervises all hardware of the ATLAS detector, monitors the infrastructure of the experiment, and provides information exchange with the LHC accelerator. The system must allow for the operation of the different ATLAS subdetectors in stand-alone mode, as required for calibration and debugging, as well as the coherent and integrated operation of all subdetectors for physics datataking. For this reason, the detector control system is logically arranged to map the hierarchical organization of the ATLAS detector. Special requirements are placed onto the ATLAS detector control system because of the large number of distributed I/O channels and of the inaccessibility of the equipment during operation. Standardization is a crucial issue for the design and implementation of the control system because of the large variety of equipment and the high number of different groups involved working all around the world. The functions of the two main components of the DCS, namely the distributed back-end software system, which will be based on a commercial SCADA package, and the subdetector's front-end systems, with extensive use of the CAN fieldbus, are explained. The standard readout chain of the DCS, which comprises both back-end software and general-purpose front-end equipment, is described and its performance is discussed.

This book analyses the evolution of the tax system and economic development in Taiwan over four decades, and argues that three crucial factors – prudent public sector expenditure, an effective revenue system and a set of export-oriented trade policies – contributed to the achievement of macroeconomic stability and growth in Taiwan from 1955 to 1995. It is divided into seven broad themes: evolution of the tax system; various stages of Taiwan's economic development; assessment of tax incentive policies in relation to investment, savings and economic growth; the evolution of Taiwan's trade policies; the correlation between tax policies and other macroeconomic variables; innovation and pragmatism in the inland tax administration; and the management of transaction costs with respect to the trade administration.The authors argue that like many other countries, Taiwan experienced hyperinflation and fiscal crisis after the Second World War. In order to solve the difficulties, instead of relying on foreign borrowing or using domestic private savings to finance itself, the Taiwanese government effectively limited public spending, which not only pushed inflation rates down but also created a stable macroeconomic environment. In addition, the operation of the tax system played a significant role in promoting economic development. For instance, instead of emphasizing the importance of income tax as a main tool for raising revenues, the government introduced state-run monopolies in alcoholic beverages and tobacco in 1950 and enforced the value-added tax system in 1986, providing a solid foundation for the revenue system. The authors find trade and macroeconomic policies, rather than income tax policies or subsidized finance measures, to be the main determinants in successful industrialization. On this basis, the authors conclude that the trade policies and tax administrative systems in Taiwan have been pragmatic and innovative, resulting in lower compliance costs and improved effectiveness and thereby making a direct contribution to the country's rate of economic growth.

In this study, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is used to optimize the annual phase arrangement of distribution transformers connected to primary feeders to improve three-phase imbalance and reduce power loss. Based on the data of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), a quasi-real-time ZIP load model and typical sample distribution systems in Taiwan are constructed. The equivalent circuit models and solution algorithms for typical distribution systems in Taiwan are built using the commercial software package MATLAB. A series of simulations, analyses, comparisons, and explorations is executed. Finally, the quantitative evaluation results for improving the voltage imbalance and reducing the power loss are summarized. For the series of studies, the percentage reductions in (1) total power imbalance TSI, (2) total line loss TLL, (3) average voltage drop AVD, (4) total voltage imbalance factors for zero/negative sequences Td0/Td2, and (5) neutral current of the main transformer ILCO are up to 45.48%, 4.06%, 16.61%, 63.99%, 21.33%, and 88.01%, respectively. The results obtained in this study can be applied for energy saving and can aid the authorities to implement sustainable development policies in Taiwan.

This study aims to analyze the influence of human resource (HR) quality on the implementation of internal control systems at PT. Avia Avian. The background of this study is based on the importance of the role of quality HR in supporting the effectiveness of the implementation of internal control systems in companies. An effective internal control system is essential to maintain integrity, efficiency, and compliance with applicable regulations. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze how HR quality can affect the implementation of internal control systems in companies. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach using a survey of employees in various departments of PT. Avia Avian. The data obtained were analyzed using regression techniques to examine the relationship between HR quality variables and internal control systems. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant influence between HR quality and the implementation of internal control systems, where the better the quality of HR, the more effective the implementation of internal control systems. The implication of this study is that companies need to pay attention to improving HR quality as a strategic step to strengthen the existing internal control system, which in turn can improve the company's performance and compliance with established standards.Additionally, this research shows that continuous training and employee competency development can strengthen HR quality, which in turn contributes to the effectiveness of the internal control system. Companies that invest in improving HR quality will not only benefit in terms of compliance with regulations but also in enhancing operational efficiency and risk management. Therefore, it is crucial for the management of PT. Avia Avian to continue focusing on HR development to ensure the smooth implementation of internal control systems in accordance with applicable standards. This research contributes to the literature on risk management and internal control by highlighting the crucial role of HR quality in the success of internal control systems.

臺灣今日現代建築思潮已朝多元化發展，其思潮的演進是定著在建築專業人才的實踐過程中，因此建築專業人才的養成是值得被關注的議題。肇基於日據時期的臺灣建築教育，於戰後有極大轉變。1949年國民政府來臺後，來自中國建築專業者，於戰後開始進行現代化的建設，並在臺灣建築教育的發展脈絡中擴展開來。1970年代，留美學生大量回臺投入建築教育工作後，促使臺灣與現代建築教育體系接軌，此一階段可謂是臺灣戰後學習與摸索現代建築的重要時期。成立於1960年的中原建築系，除了契合社會與經濟發展的需求，同時體現臺灣戰後建築教育移轉歷程。因此為理解臺灣戰後建築教育實踐與建築發展相互之間的關係，本研究以中原建築系為例，運用歷史研究法，透過文獻調查與口述歷史訪談的方式，分別討論60與70年代不同時期的教育理念、師資、課程以及教學內容，以利理解臺灣戰後初期建築教育實踐之歷程。 經探討與分析後，臺灣戰後現代建築教育實建的過程與內容，在中原建築教育發展過程中可歸納成為下列幾點，並且在發展脈絡中有部分特質，是有延續或蛻變的。在教學內容方面，因受不同時期師資結構的影響，產生「布雜」演變至「包浩斯」課程特質的變遷；在建築設計的訓練上，是從「繪圖式」演變至「理論式」的設計思惟。另外，受中央系統師資與臺灣都市發展的影響，建築史與都市課程的教學皆成為60與70年代重要的課程，並影響後期中原建築系研究領域的發展。整體而言，中原建築系對臺灣戰後建築教育發展的過程中，極具重要性與代表性，如對臺灣建築界而言，建築專業主義的教育特色成為提供臺灣戰後建築實踐主要的人才來源之一；如從臺灣建築教育體制發展來看，五年制的實施與去工程化的課程改革，是當時相當具有前瞻性的教育理念；如對整體建築教育的傳承來看，中國中央系統師資亦為中國現代建築教育開啟新的一頁，並具有承先啟後的特殊地位；留美師資則為70年代建築教育的實踐過程，引入美國化建築專業的訓練，更成為當時主要的教育特色。

The introduction and implementation of production control systems in wafer fabrication operations are discussed. The introduction of production planning systems and the results from the implementation of control systems placed on work-in-process inventory, equipment status, batch queuing/set-up, and statistical processing are considered. >

This paper describes the design and implementation of a control system that integrates visual and haptic information to give assistive force feedback through a haptic controller (Omni Phantom) to the user. A sensor-based assistive function and velocity scaling program provides force feedback that helps the user complete trajectory following exercises for rehabilitation purposes. This system also incorporates a PUMA robot for teleoperation, which implements a camera and a laser range finder, controlled in real time by a PC, were implemented into the system to help the user to define the intended path to the selected target. The real-time force feedback from the remote robot to the haptic controller is made possible by using effective multithreading programming strategies in the control system design and by novel sensor integration. The sensor-based assistant function concept applied to teleoperation as well as shared control enhances the motion range and manipulation capabilities of the users executing rehabilitation exercises such as trajectory following along a sensor-based defined path. The system is modularly designed to allow for integration of different master devices and sensors. Furthermore, because this real-time system is versatile the haptic component can be used separately from the telerobotic component; in other words, one can use the haptic device for rehabilitation purposes for cases in which assistance is needed to perform tasks (e.g., stroke rehab) and also for teleoperation with force feedback and sensor assistance in either supervisory or automatic modes.

[EN] This work presents a methodology for the design and implementation of an intelligent control system and an intelligent monitoring system. This methodology is successfully applied to highly complex processes. To that end, it proposes a procedure based on the neurofuzzy modeling of the process in question. The models are obtained through an identification process which uses representative input-output data of the system to be studied. Once models which describe the dynamic process have been obtained, these are used as the basis of the monitoring and control systems. In the case of design and implementation of neurofuzzy control systems, it proposes a procedure for obtaining a neurofuzzy model of the process dynamics (direct dynamic) and a neurofuzzy model of its inverse dynamics. These models are used according to the internal model control paradigm to control the complex process. Thus, it designs and implements a neurofuzzy control system based on the internal model control paradigm to control the cutting force in a drilling process (complex electrochemical process) by modifying the feed rate of the tool. Moreover, in the case of neurofuzzy monitoring of complex systems, it proposes a procedure to obtain a neurofuzzy model which relates directly measured process parameters through sensors with a range of phenomena difficult to measure on-line. Thus, the monitoring system is implemented on the basis of the obtained neurofuzzy model. The proposed procedure for developing a neurofuzzy monitoring system, it has been applied to monitoring cutting tool wear in a turning process (complex physical-mechanical process). The information obtained from cutting forces sensors, acceleration (vibration) sensors, acoustic emission sensors and using the operating time, it has developed a neurofuzzy model to estimate the flank wear of the cutting tool. Both in the monitoring system design and in the design and implementation of the control system, it has used different neurofuzzy modeling strategies: an inductive strategy and another transductive strategy. Through the inductive strategy, it has obtained global models representing the entire dynamic process. Instead, through transductive strategies, it has obtained local models to study the particular situation. The strategies used have been ANFIS, TNFIS and TWNFI-i. The use of neurofuzzy models (transductive and inductive) to control and monitoring machining processes stems from the nature of these processes, i.e., its complexity. The nonlinear behavior and the presence of uncertainties (difficult to modeling) both in drilling as in turning processes open the door to the use of these techniques. The advantage of the proponed method is that it eliminates the need for an accurate mathematical model of the complex process to design/adjust the control/monitoring system. The results obtained with neurofuzzy modeling, control and monitoring systems have been very significant results and they are based on real experiments carried out in industrial environments. Moreover, from the technical point of view, significant benefits were obtained such as increasing material removal rate, effective utilization of the cutting tool life, increasing safety for the process (operator, machine and workpiece) and better control of downtimes due to breakage of the cutting tool.

At the University of Nevada, Reno, we strongly believe that effective control system education must include experimental exercises that complement the theory presented in lectures. Preferably, the exercises should include the design and implementation of a control system. Limited resources and a cap on the number of credit hours required for the undergraduate degree make it impossible to offer a laboratory course with every control class in most electrical engineering curricula. We have solved this problem by including a laboratory project in each of our two senior electives. Each project is a comprehensive modeling, analysis, design and implementation of a physical control system. The students are divided into groups and each group must independently complete the design project and submit a formal report summarizing their results and experiences. Each student must submit an individual commentary on the exercise and the experimental results obtained. Student feedback indicates an increased appreciation of the lecture material and an awareness of the limitations of the theory and simulation that was lacking prior to the introduction of laboratory exercises.

Chapter 18 - Implementation of control system into continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing pilot plant (powder to tablet)

This study aims to assess the operational and administrative challenges faced by Cebu Provincial Hospitals, specifically focusing on the hospitals in Bogo City, Carcar City, Danao City, and Balamban. The research examines key challenges and constraints related to implementation of Internal Control System under the Control Environment Component; implementation of Internal Control System under the Risk Assessment Component, implementation of Internal Control System under the Control Activity Component; implementation of Internal Control System under the Information and Communication Component; and implementation of Internal Control System under the Monitoring Component. Furthermore, excerpts from the interviews were quoted to further support the identified problems and constraints. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining surveys, interviews, and document analysis to gather data from hospital administrators, medical staff, and patients. The findings revealed several critical key challenges such as slow processing of payments, insufficient drugs and medical supplies, and a lack of automated information systems. Additionally, the absence of an Internal Audit Unit contributed to a weak monitoring framework, increasing the risk of fraud. The lack of proper information systems and bureaucratic delays further compounded these issues, hindering the hospitals' ability to provide timely and quality healthcare. Additionally, inadequate infrastructure and limited financial resources were identified as major constraints in improving service delivery. The study concludes that addressing these operational and administrative challenges is essential for enhancing the efficiency of Cebu Provincial Hospitals. Recommendations include strengthening internal processes, improving resource allocation, and implementing technology-driven solutions to optimize hospital management and healthcare outcomes.

Social concern with appropriate disposal and recycling of E-waste and scrap has been increasing for decades in Taiwan and elsewhere. In Taiwan, to prevent environmental pollution and promote appropriate recycling, the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) has introduced a government-managed recycling system dubbed the Recycling Fund Management (RFM) system. Under the RFM system, producers (manufacturers and importers) have an obligation to pay recycling fees to the RFM committee of the EPA. There are 33 targeted items in 13 categories, such as home appliances, IT equipment, tires, motor vehicles, dry batteries, and so on. Recyclers who participate in the recycling system are subsidized by the RFM committee according to their recycling performance. To enter the recycling fund system, recyclers are required to meet standards for proper operations, and must have obtained authorization to treat and recycle wastes. Additionally, to get the subsidy, recyclers have to establish weighing and monitoring facilities and maintain a recycling rate of at least 75%. In recent years, the EPA has promoted the greening of producers by differentiating environmentally-friendly goods from others by setting different recycling fee rates for goods in each category. The quality standard that recyclers must meet to obtain the subsidy has become gradually more severe. Encouraging the greening both of production and recycling processes is desirable, and producers may be able to follow the greening path. Recyclers also need to satisfy a quality standard under the RFM system. However, it is sometimes hard for recyclers to meet the required quality because it depends on several factors beyond their control, such as original state of discharge and transportation and storage conditions. If recyclers need to take full responsibility not only for their own faults but also for stochastic risk which affects the quality of their recycling and which is beyond their control, the RFM system will become less attractive to them. That means strengthening the regulation on recyclers may prompt them to exit from the RFM system, increasing the risk of environmental pollution caused by uncontrolled treatment of potential pollutants. In this paper, using a theoretical model, we examine the effects of the greening policy of the Taiwan government on the amount of recycled E-waste, the scale of the recycling market, the risk of environmental pollution, and the social welfare of Taiwan. To this end, we build a simple model including two markets: production and recycling under a deposit-refund system like the RFM system in Taiwan. The E-waste that is not treated under the RFM system has a negative impact on the environment in this model. We also set differentiated tax and subsidy rates as is characteristic of the recycling system in Taiwan. The approach we employ in this model is comparative statics. With theoretical analysis, we find some implications of the greening policy in Taiwan.

Food safety risk during the pandemic