Information requirements for BIM: Current practice and implementation in Germany

Developing a Model to Improve the Efficiency of Maintenance Management for Service Buildings Using BIM and Power BI: A Case Study

Development of a Building Information Modelling Asset (BIMAsset) value realisation model

In construction, claims are usually a request for additional time, cost, or quality of work. A dispute will occur If the claim is not resolved correctly. In industrial revolution 4.0, we can use the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method to increase efficiency. BIM is a digital display containing all information about building elements integrated with the building's life cycle period. BIM will accelerate and reduce risks in construction, including the impact of claims. In Indonesia, several consultants/contractors have been implemented BIM in construction projects. This research aims to determine the effect of using 3D, 4D, and 5D BIM in construction projects for reducing claims to service providers as seen from the indicators on BIM 3D, 4D, 5D BIM. The research method used is a descriptive research method with a Q-method approach using closed survey research instruments to 37 contractor/consultant respondents who use BIM. The results obtained from the 3D BIM 4 indicators affect the reduction of claims. The 4D BIM indicator has two hands that affect the decrease in claims. The 5D BIM indicators all involve reducing claims.

Along with the times, infrastructure development is increasingly complex, especially in terms of road planning. An innovation is needed to face these challenges. Before the introduction of the building information modeling (BIM) method, road planning still used conventional methods. Many studies have revealed that the BIM method is more accurate and superior compared to conventional methods. The PT ITCI Hutani Manunggal (IHM) jetty access road construction package still uses conventional methods in its planning. So the plan for the road construction project was updated by applying BIM technology. The objective of research are to know implementation of 3D, 4D, and 5D BIM on integration of road redesign. This research was conducted for two months with the location in Penajam Paser Utara Regency. The data analysis technique using the BIM Method consists of 3 stages, namely modeling alignment and profile plans, integration of total costs into the BIM model, integration of work duration into the BIM model. The results of the application of 3D BIM provide a clear initial picture of the shape of the infrastructure to be built, and the application of 4D BIM provides a detailed visualization of construction progress with a 270-day scheduling plan, and the application of 5D BIM describes the cost aspects in an integrated manner with the total planning cost obtained of Rp 166,491,010,588. With the integration of these three dimensions in the BIM model, cost, schedule, and quality estimation becomes more organized and transparent.PENERAPAN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING 3D, 4D, DAN 5D PADA PERENCANAAN DESAIN JALAN AKSES DERMAGA IHMSeiring dengan perkembangan zaman pembangunan infrastruktur semakin kompleks, terutama dalam hal perencanaan jalan. Perlu sebuah inovasi dalam menghadapi tantangan tersebut. Sebelum dikenalnya metode building information modeling (BIM), perencanaan jalan masih banyak menggunakan metode konvensional. Banyak penelitian yang mengungkapkan bahwa metode BIM lebih akurat dan unggul dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Paket pembangunan jalan akses Dermaga PT. ITCI Hutani Manunggal (IHM) masih menggunakan metode konvensional dalam perencanaannya. Maka rencana untuk proyek konstruksi jalan tersebut diperbarui dengan menerapkan teknologi BIM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan BIM 3D, 4D, dan 5D pada redesain jalan yang saling terintegrasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama dua bulan dengan lokasi di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Metode BIM terdiri dari 3 tahapan yaitu permodelan alignment dan profile rencana, integrasi total biaya terhadap model BIM, integrasi durasi pekerjaan terhadap model BIM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan BIM 3D memberikan gambaran awal yang jelas terhadap bentuk infrastruktur yang akan terbangun, penerapan BIM 4D memberikan visualisasi progres konstruksi secara detail dengan rencana penjadwalan selama 270 hari, serta penerapan BIM 5D menggambarkan aspek biaya secara terintegrasi dengan total biaya perencanaan diperoleh sebesar Rp 166.491.010.588. Dengan integrasi ketiga dimensi tersebut dalam model BIM, estimasi biaya, jadwal, dan mutu menjadi lebih terorganisasi dan transparan.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has revolutionized the design and construction phases of building projects, yet its potential for facilities management (FM) and lifecycle asset management remains significantly underutilized. This research examines comprehensive strategies for achieving seamless handover from construction to operations and leveraging BIM data throughout the building lifecycle. The transition from construction completion to operational management represents a critical juncture where vast quantities of valuable building information are frequently lost, fragmented, or rendered unusable due to incompatible data formats, inadequate documentation standards, and insufficient coordination between project delivery and facility operations teams. This study investigates the technical, organizational, and procedural barriers preventing effective BIM-to-FM transitions and proposes integrated strategies addressing information requirements definition, data standardization, technology platform selection, and stakeholder engagement. Through analysis of case studies from educational, healthcare, and commercial facilities implementing BIM-enabled FM systems, the research identifies best practices for data structuring, exchange protocols, and system integration that enable facility managers to access accurate, current asset information supporting maintenance planning, space management, energy optimization, and capital planning decisions. The findings demonstrate that successful BIM-to-FM implementation requires early engagement of facility operations personnel during design phases, clear definition of FM information requirements through structured methodologies such as the Employer's Information Requirements (EIR), adoption of standardized data schemas including Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie), and selection of interoperable technology platforms enabling bidirectional data flow between BIM authoring tools and computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS). Organizations achieving effective BIM-to-FM integration reported operational cost reductions averaging 12-18% through improved maintenance efficiency, space utilization optimization, and energy consumption reduction, alongside enhanced decision-making capabilities from comprehensive asset intelligence availability throughout the building lifecycle.

PurposeThis paper aims to further the discussion on Building Information Modelling (BIM) legal requirements, providing a framework with key energy parameters capable of supporting the Appointing Party in the definition of the Exchange Information Requirements (EIR) for a BIM project appointment. The EIR is described in ISO-19650–1:2018 as a fundamental step in the information delivery cycle.Design/methodology/approachA literature review on the topic of BIM energy analysis was completed to identify current knowledge gaps and support the need for the proposed framework. Afterwards, the framework was established based on the review findings and the authors’ domain knowledge. The applicability of the proposed framework was assessed through a case study, where several energy simulations were performed in three different design stages of the same BIM model.FindingsThis study identified a lack of standards and legislation capable of supporting the Appointing Party in the definition of energy-related BIM requirements. To this end, a new framework is proposed to mediate existing practices, linking prior knowledge with BIM’s new reality. The study showcases the applicability of the framework, identifying that the performance of different energy studies involves distinct Level of Development (LOD) requirements, which in turn have an impact on the modelling time and cost.Originality/valueA BIM framework for the specification of information requirements in energy-related projects was developed to support the Appointing Party. The framework presents appropriate parameters for energy analysis in each design stage, as well as the suitable LOD for the BIM model.

In construction, risks are usually requests for additional time, cost, or quality of work. Disputes will occur If risks are not resolved properly. In the industrial revolution 4.0, we can use the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method to increase efficiency. BIM is a digital display that contains all information about building elements integrated with the building's life cycle period. BIM will optimize the performance of construction projects. In Indonesia, several consultants/contractors have implemented BIM in construction projects. This study aims to determine and analyze what factors in the process of implementing BIM 5D that affect the performance of construction project time. The research method used is descriptive research method with the Q-method approach using closed survey research instruments to 53 contractor/consultant respondents using BIM. The results obtained from the 5D BIM indicators have 3 effects on the time performance of construction projects.

This article focuses on how to specify relevant information content in objects and object libraries in order to exchange relevant and reliable information in building information model (BIM)-based software. There is a general lack of professional information in BIM-based designs. The AECOO (architects, engineers, contractors, owners and operators) industry should therefore take the initiative to achieve a broad consensus about the specification of relevant information that should be standardized as content in the objects. Improved exchange of information in BIM-based software will support integrated design and delivery solutions. Objects/object libraries are proposed as the container for the exchange of information. Software objects (doors, windows, walls) and object libraries (selections of objects) with specified professional information (measurements, performance, energy, fire resistance, noise reduction, etc.) are called ‘BIM objects’. The ‘role- and life-cycle information model’ (RIM/LIM) concept is suggested as a framework for development (specification) of relevant information in different roles and phases of a building's life cycle. A ‘BIM object information standard' can be based on the RIM/LIM framework. Content in the BIM objects can be included as specifications in information delivery manuals and BIM guides.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) stands out as a vector of innovation encouraging a revolution in modern Civil Engineering. This methodology congregates process, politics, and technology enabling a collaborative construction in virtual space. BIM implementation in buildings and infrastructures has been advantageous when compared to traditional process, allowing error and rework reductions as well as improving costs and time previsions. One of BIM’s biggest challenges is managing and sharing a large amount of information. Each building element needs to align the information and detail requirements to be included in the models for design, construction, and operation. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published in 2018 the designation Level of Information Need that explains how requirements are defined and managed in BIM projects in a flexible, adaptable, and digital mode. Thereafter, the work under development aims to make tangible for engineers and architects how the information requirements are applied to BIM models. Initially, it presented a state of the art about BIM and its uses. The parallel of information requirements of global standards and guides bases the framework. The case study comprises modeling of a private leisure space located in Lisbon. A model is developed for each project phase and the corresponding information requirements planned in conformity.

PurposeDigital media is reshaping architectural design by introducing new tools, methods and workflows. Among various AEC tools, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has gained popularity due to its collaboration platform enabling cross-disciplinary teamwork during whole life cycle of buildings. BIM has further transformed culture and processes associated with design, construction and operation of buildings, hence triggering new building regulations in developed countries. However, in developing countries, BIM implementation is facing several barriers, such as lack of investment in technology and training, hesitation in quitting traditional tools and practices, etc. The purpose of this paper is to highlight potentials of BIM for developing countries, which are in need of more sustainable policies for enhancing their economic and environmental performances.Design/methodology/approachThroughout the text, a literature review on BIM including its dimensions and benefits, impacts on architectural design and adoption in global and local contexts is provided. In case study, surveys and structured interviews are conducted with BIM user and non-BIM user architects throughout Pakistan. Beyond 2D/3D modeling, the use of BIM applications for sustainable design process such as scheduling (4D), cost estimation (5D), performance analysis and facilities management (6D) is investigated.FindingsUsing analytical tools of an online surveying tool and SPSS statistical software, barriers and motivations for BIM implementation in Pakistan are determined. Strategies for further BIM adoption and implementation via “education and training institutions” and “supporting organizations and institutions” are defined.Originality/valueAs a developing country, Pakistan shall be moving the barriers for the spread of BIM technology. Recent research covered the entire AEC sector (Masood et al., 2014; Sohu et al., 2017; Ali et al., 2018), yet this paper focuses specifically on architectural design and practice field. In order to find out experiences and expectations about BIM technology in the architecture sector, professionals are surveyed and four chief architects are interviewed. How far have Pakistani architects adopted BIM? For which project types and scales is BIM more serviceable for them? Which BIM applications are they implementing to overcome the limitations in their professional practice? In Pakistan, where sustainability, in terms of scheduling, cost estimation, performance analysis and facilities management, is an indispensible measure for local practices, has implementation of BIM technology achieved sustainability in architectural design process? What are the motivations of Pakistani architects for becoming BIM users in future?

In the construction planning process, the calculation of the quantity of each project work was packaged in a Bill of Quantity (BoQ) to complete the project and greatly affected the continuity of the entire construction construction process. With advances in technology in the world of construction, it could simplify planning in built a building and could increased the accuracy of calculations without using assumptions that could increased the volume of work. One of the results of current technological advances was the creation of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method, a method that was able to simulate all information in a development project into a 3-dimensional model. Currently the use of the BIM method in Indonesia was still limited so that in this research, the aim was to determine the effectiveness of the use of BIM on the accuracy calculation of the volume of the BoQ and to know the percentage comparison. The building project that was used as a comparison was a building with the middle rise building category, namely the Central Jakarta BPJS Building. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the difference between conventional and BIM results on pilecap components was 5%, column 6%, beam 35%, floor slabs 2%, stairs 22%, ceiling 2.26% floor coverings 14% lower than conventional calculations but for the wall component the BIM calculation is 0.78% greater than the conventional calculation. So that the total percentage ratio is 10%, thus this proves that the use of the BIM method in calculating quantity was effective in terms of calculation accuracy.

Design patterns for BIM-based service-oriented architectures

With the advancement of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, BIM gains more importance and becomes a prerequisite in building projects. BIM is useful throughout a building lifecycle; from building bid, design, construction, completion, operation, and maintenance to building demolition. However, current information exchange surrounding BIM is still limited and bound to a single participant or organization and is also limited to a particular phase in the building lifecycle. This paper aims to explore BIM information exchange among many parties involved in a secure manner using a blockchain platform throughout the whole building lifecycle. In this research, many parties involved in the building project will be able to recognize one another through deployment of a permissioned blockchain. This information exchange uses Hyperledger Composer, a permissioned blockchain running on a blockchain platform called Hyperledger Fabric. Our experiment shows that BIM information exchange could be further improved. In this study, BIM information exchange can be implemented not only in one building phase but throughout the whole building lifecycle. It also facilitates BIM information exchange among multiple participants in a secure manner via a permissioned blockchain.

The research addresses the issue that there is no an integrated approach or model to activate and implement sustainability in a project throughout its life and not benefit from the potentials of Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology in achieving and supporting all sustainability aspects as a human need. Therefore, the research aims to establish and achieve a Sustainable BIM Model for applying within projects throughout their life cycle, managing the relationship between BIM and sustainability, and obtaining best interoperability performance. Consequently, sustainability and the potentials of dealing with it by modern techniques and tools were investigated and identified to simulate its indicators and criteria. Besides, strategies to establish sustainability that can be activated. Then related sustainability indicators to the performance of project aspects were collected and categorized to facilitate linking with BIM platforms. Moreover, the potentials of the overlap between sustainability and many BIM platforms were examined and demonstrated, and their employability in supporting sustainability aspects in a balanced manner. Eventually, a methodology to manage the relationship between BIM and sustainability was deduced and formulated to achieve a Sustainable BIM Model during a building life cycle.

\nThe management of data, information and knowledge through the project life cycle of buildings and civil infrastructure projects is becoming increasingly complex. As an attempt to drive efficiencies and address this complexity, the United Kingdom Government has mandated that Building Information Modelling (BIM) methods must be adopted in all public sector construction projects in 2016. Emerging from the US Department of Defence, BIM is an approach to the co-ordination of design and production data using object-oriented principles as described in ISO 29481-1:2010. The underlying philosophy of BIM is to ensure the “provision of a single environment to store shared asset data and information, accessible to all individuals who are required to produce, use and maintain it” (PAS 1192-2:2013). A key aspect of BIM lies in the notion of ‘interoperability’ between various software applications used in the design and construction process and a common data format for the efficient exchange of design information and knowledge. Protagonists of BIM argue that this interoperability provides an effective environment for collaboration between actors in the construction process and creates accurate, reliable, repeatable and high-quality information exchange. This UK government mandate presents numerous challenges to the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) professions; in particular, the characteristics of BIM Level 2 remain explicitly undefined and this created a degree of uncertainty amongst the promoters and those professionals charged with delivering projects. This research casts a critical lens on the current literature in the domains of object-oriented modelling of infrastructure and the associated implications for procurement and project management. A mixed-methods approach using questionnaire analysis and secondary case study analysis was used to enact an inductive research approach that captures a range of data on the practical issues and considerations associated with the integration of BIM in the industry.\n