Information dissemination of subak culture as a knowledge preservation effort in Museum Subak Bali

Designing a Desirable Authentic Leadership Model for Principals

Politics involves decision-making, and decisions are the result of group conflict. Political decisions are nothing but the result of the interaction of pressure groups and the relationship of power between them. Pressure groups try to present their demands to the political system and public policy. To. A pressure group is a group of people who have political goals and want to influence the law, and a stakeholder group is a group of people who have common interests and do not have political goals. Pressure groups can be examined from two perspectives. The classical view that the performance of pressure groups disrupts the political system and public policy; and the modern view that not only does not reject the performance of pressure groups, but also considers the existence of these groups as a dynamic aspect of the organization and a tool to improve public participation. brings. One of the biggest areas of action for pressure groups is the legislature and parliaments. The role of pressure groups in shaping public policy with the foundation data theory approach is through the three stages of open, central and selective coding. The statistical participants are the current and periodic members of parliament in the country. Using purposive sampling method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 members of parliament in an 18-month period until the data saturation stage was reached. Members were validated by matching methods. The present research is a mixed type, so data analysis consists of two phases, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, to analyze and interpret (codify) the concepts expressed by members of parliament and experts. Iran is covered, which includes open, axial and selective coding. In addition, Delphi method has been used for localization and screening of indicators. Data analysis has been used using MaxQDA2012, Excel2016 and SPSS software. Open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze the data. During the data comparison process in the open, axial and selective coding path, 132 concepts, 71 subcategories and 24 general categories were obtained and presented in the form of a paradigm model. The integration of categories, based on the existing relationships between them, around the involvement of groups in professional activities, formed a paradigm model that reflected the development of an appropriate model of the role of pressure groups in shaping public policy. Causal conditions (influence of pressure groups on decisions, indirect influence on public opinion, party orientation, incorrect structure of democracy, lack of holistic view, etc.), central category (gaining benefits and advantages, adaptation of pressure groups to policy needs General (intervention) conditions (use of coercive tools of influence, behind-the-scenes issues and interference of officials in each other) strategies (dissemination of information, use of powerful people, transparency and defeat of monopolies) and consequences (promise, policy-making citizen and unity and integrity) emerged and Relationships between different dimensions were shown through the formation of a conceptual model. Finally, legal propositions and strategic hypotheses of the research were developed.

Extended abstract 1. INTRODUCTION Various effects of continuous drought, contributes to the vulnerability of rural households and their livelihoods is unstable, dynamic and multi-dimensional nature and vulnerability of drought it difficult to provide the study. However, to understand what an important role in mitigating the effects of drought vulnerability and improve the livelihood of rural people. The purpose of this research is to explain the process of villagers' vulnerability to drought. 2. METHODOLOGY Therefore, the purpose of this Qualitative research was to explain the process of villagers' vulnerability to drought, case: Peshtang Village in Ravansar County, that It takes Two following specific aims in relation to the status of household’s vulnerability to drought: (A) What is the process of vulnerability theory of drought in rural areas? (B) What are the constituent elements (basic concepts, causal conditions, context, intervening conditions, interaction strategies, and outcomes) of this process? Due to the main purpose of this research, the regional was elected that in the past, it had good agricultural condition but now because of regional drought, it is high damage, so the Peshtang village with emphasize of agriculture experts in Rawansar city and key local informants, was selected. This village is of Dawlat Abad district of the central city of Rawansar in Kermanshah province, which has a population of 145 people, 45 households, and 30 km from the city center Rawansar and livelihoods of most people in the village are farmers and ranchers. In order to explore and enrich the experiences, attitudes and perceptions of rural people to the magnitude of vulnerability resulting from drought in Peshtang village on Rawansar County used the qualitative research methods and specifically the grounded theory approach provided Strauss The population used in this study included all the rural households in the sample were selected by Purposive sampling. On the other hand, given that the level of drought vulnerability among the people of these villages was not the same, so in order to identify vulnerable groups, classification techniques of participatory rural incomes by key informants was conducted. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interview, focus groups, direct observation, field notes, income participatory classification, land use mapping techniques. After 10 semi-structured interviews, each for a maximum of two hours, theoretical saturation was achieved. Thus, the responses were repeated and new concepts of the samples weren't found. Three steps are used to analyze data with recommendations of Strauss and Corbin (1998): Open coding، axial and selective coding was utilized as a basis of data analysis. Open coding is part of an analysis concerned with identifying, naming, categorizing, and describing phenomenon found in the text. At the end of this stage was 11 floors. In axial coding, communication and connection between categories was discovered. Axial coding is the process of relating codes to each other, through a combination of inductive and deductive thinking. In selective coding, the researcher chooses one category to be the core category, and relates all other categories derived during previous process to that category. 3.DISCUSSION Findings from the analysis of comparing 11 floors of open coding showed that classification of rural vulnerability to drought as a core category (phenomenon central to the process) and in a paradigmatic model, axial coding was done. paradigmatic model of axial coding includes causal conditions, context, core category, Intervening conditions, action or strategies and consequences. in fact, a grounded theory researcher Identified one of the open coding categories as the core category that is central to a theory. Then, this core category becomes the center point of the axial coding paradigm. Examining this paradigm, included the following:  Causal conditions; categories of conditions that influence the core category,  Context; the specific conditions that influence the strategies,  Core category; the idea of phenomenon central to the process,  Intervening conditions; the general contextual conditions that influence strategies,  Strategies; the specific actions or interactions that result from the core phenomenon  Consequences; the outcomes of employing the strategies. Results of this qualitative research indicated the causes of rural vulnerability to drought is varied and 11 component includes that in the form of paradigmatic model includes causal conditions (Climatic factors), phenomenon, context (environmental and livelihood), intervening conditions (institutional -protective factors), action or strategies (Technical and non-technical) and consequences (Economic, social and environmental), process of rural vulnerability show and reflect different aspects of it. 4. CONCLUSION Based on the results, it is recommended that authorities perform participatory strategies to mitigate the effects of drought and promoting the adaptation capacity of villagers prioritizing in the rural areas, in the context recommended that sustainable livelihood strategies with an emphasis on strengthening physical, social, human, financial and natural assets for vulnerable rural.

This research is an investigation of difficulties encountered by authors of 5th and 6th grade science textbooks. The aim is to assist authors in creating more easily understandable textbooks in the future. In-depth interviews were conducted with 6 teachers who have previously taken part in the development of 5th and 6th grade texts. The responses given during these interviews were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding as suggested by Strauss and Corbin (1998). The results are as follows: In open coding, related concepts were extracted and classified into 15 main categories and 46 sub-categories. In axial coding, the main categories were arranged into causal conditions, main phenomenon, context, intervening conditions, action and interactional strategies, and consequences wherein they were consistently related to each other based on Grounded theory. Finally, in selective coding, core categories were instilled whereby the texts being developed were categorized into conservative, progressive, and innovative to allow for easier interpretation. This was done to improve the overall quality of Science textbooks.

본 연구는 과학영재학교 조기입학 학생들이 어떤 조건과 상호작용전략을 사용하여 학교적응을 하는지 알아보았다. 이를 위하여 조기입학생 6명과 조기입학 준비학생 2명을 대상으로 심층면담을 하였다. 반구조화 질문을 이용하여 개별심층면담을 실시하여, 과학영재학교에 진학하였을 때 어떠한 걱정과 우려를 가지고 진학하였는지 그리고 학교생활을 하면서 어떻게 적응해 가는지 그 과정을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 근거이론 방법을 이용하여, 개방 코딩, 축 코딩, 선택 코딩 과정을 통해 패러다임 모형을 구성하고 핵심범주를 추출하였다. 개방 코딩을 통해 75개의 개념과 21개의 하위범주, 10개의 범주를 추출하였고, 축 코딩 과정에서는 개방 코딩을 통해 추출한 10개의 범주간의 관계를 규명하여 패러다임 모형을 구성하였으며, 선택 코딩과정에서는 '학업적 사회적 정서적 적응 전략을 이용한 학교적응'이라는 핵심범주를 찾아냈다. 이를 통해 과학영재학교에 조기입학하는 학생들의 적응과정에 대해 보다 심층적으로 이해하였다. The aim of this study was to investigate the conditions and strategies of interaction for the school adjustment for the early entrance students of science academy for the gifted. To know their concerns and process of school adjustment, we interviewed six early entrance gifted students of the science academy and two gifted students preparing for their early entrance with a semi-structured questions. Using the grounded theory, a paradigm model was organized and a core category was abstracted through the open, axial, and selective coding. Based on the open coding analysis, 75 concepts, 21 sub-categories, and 10 categories were derived. In the axial coding, the paradigm model was organized by the link between 10 categories derived from open coding. Through the selective coding, this study discovered the core category about early entrance student's school adjustment was overcoming difficulties by using academic, social, and emotional strategy for school adjustment. Through this, we understand the school adjustment process of the students of early entrance to science academy for the gifted.

Background and aims: The consequences of health development with the exercise approach affect the 4 dimensions of physical, mental, economic, and social health. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive model to determine the contributing factors, strategies, and outcomes of sport-based health development (SBHD). Methods: This qualitative study was conducted through the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through interviews with 24 experts and authorities in health, sports, and health development who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Open, axial, and selective coding were used for data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured through member checking and peer debriefing. Results: Four hundred codes were drawn during open coding and were grouped into 127 subcategories during axial coding and nineteen main categories during selective coding. The nineteen categories were assigned to the five main dimensions of the paradigm model of grounded theory. The causal conditions of SBHD were personal, cultural, and social factors; its contextual conditions were attitudinal and attitudinal factors, media, planning, and legal factors; and its intervening conditions were environmental, infrastructural, interactional, and managerial factors. Its strategies were infrastructural development, attitudinal development, technical development, and support programs and its outcomes were improvement of physical health, financial development, social development, and improvement of mental health. Conclusion: Health and sport managers and authorities need to provide an appropriate context to facilitate engagement in sports among all individuals.

Background and Aim: This article focuses on studying the governance effectiveness of secondary colleges in universities, constructing evaluation indicators through grounded theory three-level coding. With the reform of China's higher education management and the expansion of autonomy in universities, attention to the governance of secondary colleges has been increasing. Policy promotion and support have provided institutional foundations and development opportunities for the research on the governance of secondary colleges, promoting the modernization of internal governance in colleges and improving the quality of higher education. The understanding of the main bodies of college operations is continuously strengthening, and the evaluation of college effectiveness is also receiving significant attention. Therefore, constructing evaluation indicators for the governance effectiveness of secondary colleges has become an important measure to promote the modernization of university governance, enhance governance capabilities, and promote the development of the quality of higher education. Materials and Methods: This research uses qualitative research methodology by examining phenomena through the lens of Grounded Theory, with the research tool being interview research, grounded theory three-level coding, and the Delphi method to develop evaluation indicators for the governance effectiveness of secondary colleges. The interview method explores the evaluation dimensions of governance effectiveness in secondary colleges from the perspectives of institutional decision-makers and participants. Grounded theory, entailing a comprehensive analysis of interview data and policy documents, establishes governance effectiveness evaluation indicators using the three-level coding approach of "open coding - axial coding - selective coding". Subsequently, the indicators are subjected to reliability and validity testing through the Delphi method. Results: Evaluation indicators for the governance effectiveness of secondary colleges were constructed. They include 7 primary indicators and 24 secondary indicators, namely environmental adaptability, integration and collaboration, institutional progress, resource allocation, research and innovation achievements, quality of talent cultivation, and satisfaction of teachers and students. The secondary indicators include structural adjustment, technological updating, adaptive capacity, school-enterprise cooperation, school-college integration, department collaboration, process simplification, institutional norms, clear rights and responsibilities, fair distribution, resource utilization, flexible resource allocation, achievement transformation, local contributions, research quality, employment and further education, teaching quality, faculty development, professional development, welfare system, environmental atmosphere, management effectiveness, service quality, and decision-making participation. Conclusion: Based on the research results, evaluation indicators for the governance effectiveness of secondary colleges were formed, covering various aspects such as environmental adaptability, research and innovation, talent cultivation, the satisfaction of teachers and students, integration and collaboration, institutional progress, and resource allocation. By using these indicators, a framework and reference for evaluating and improving the governance effectiveness of secondary colleges in local universities can be provided, thereby contributing to the overall development of higher education.

BackgroundOne Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems. However, the progress of One Health implementation in many countries is still relatively slow, and there is a lack of systematic evaluation index. The purpose of this study was to establish an indicator framework for global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index (GOH-IDI) to evaluate human, animal and environmental health development process globally.MethodFirst, 82 studies were deeply analyzed by a grounded theory (GT) method, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to establish a three-level indicator framework, which was composed of three selective codes, 19 axial codes, and 79 open codes. Then, through semi-structured interviews with 28 health-related experts, the indicators were further integrated and simplified according to the inclusion criteria of the indicators. Finally, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the indicators, thus, forming the evaluation indicator framework of human, animal and environmental health development process.ResultsAn indicator framework for GOH-IDI was formed consisting of three selective codes, 15 axial codes and 61 open codes. There were six axial codes for “Human Health”, of which “Infectious Diseases” had the highest weight (19.76%) and “Injuries and Violence” had the lowest weight (11.72%). There were four axial codes for “Animal Health”, of which “Animal Epidemic Disease” had the highest weight (39.28%) and “Animal Nutritional Status” had the lowest weight (11.59%). Five axial codes were set under “Environmental Health”, among which, “Air Quality and Climate Change” had the highest weight (22.63%) and “Hazardous Chemicals” had the lowest weight (17.82%).ConclusionsAn indicator framework for GOH-IDI was established in this study. The framework were universal, balanced, and scientific, which hopefully to be a tool for evaluation of the joint development of human, animal and environmental health in different regions globally.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40249-022-01042-3.

Moderating students in the campus organizations is one of the significant faculty tasks being designated to manage student organizations. This study aims to establish a theory that explains how advising or moderating students in campus organizations is being done. This study utilized the Qualitative Grounded Theory approach using an in-depth interview with the seven participants, of which three are campus advisers, and four are student leaders. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and initial analysis was done to identify initial categories. The analysis of this research study consists of three phases- open, axial, and selective coding. In the open coding, the researcher examined the text for salient categories that emerged. Using constant comparative analysis, the researcher attempted to saturate the categories to identify the central or the core phenomenon. Facilitative mentorship emerged as the core category which characterized the mentoring of campus advisers. The researcher then engaged in axial coding in which the database was reviewed and collected new data to provide more substantial insights into specific coding categories that further explained the core category in which four categories emerged, namely Empowering and Enabling, Interactive and Open Communication, support, and affirmation and their guiding presence.

Objective: An increase in post-marital relationships has had adverse consequences. One of the consequences is family dissolution and the breakdown of social units (families). The present study aimed to study the processes and contextual factors of marital infidelity. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory method. The research population included couples who experienced marital infidelity. A total of 32 participants were selected using the purposive sampling method in 2019. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the participants to collect the study data, and the interviews continued until the data saturation. The collected data were systematically analyzed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Results: Analysis of the data collected revealed 51 codes extracted through open coding. Then, the extracted codes were merged into 10 categories via axial coding. These categories included four themes: the formation of the context of marital infidelity, predictions of marital infidelity, engaging in marital infidelity, and the consequences of marital infidelity. Conclusion: Given that marital infidelity is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, the insights from this study can be used to develop models to identify and prevent predictors of marital infidelity.

The aim of this study is to structurally model higher education based on sustainable development components using a mixed-method approach. This applied research employs a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) design. The statistical population includes 12 specialists and academic experts in the field of sustainable development in general, and sustainable development in higher education in particular. In the qualitative section, their opinions were used to identify and code the categories. For the modeling process, the statistical population consisted of faculty members, postgraduate students from the Persian Gulf University, and specialists from the South Pars Special Economic Zone, including experts in environmental sciences, economics, social sciences, and faculty members and postgraduate students from Persian Gulf University. The sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula for unknown populations, resulting in a sample size of 384 individuals, with a random accessible sampling method. To identify the factors, interviews were conducted, and through open, selective, and axial coding, categories and concepts were extracted. The results of this phase yielded 451 open codes, 24 axial codes, and 8 selective codes. Subsequently, in the next phase, the Delphi technique was used to filter the central, causal, contextual, intervening, strategic, and outcome conditions through three rounds of screening. Ultimately, consensus was reached on 135 open codes. For the modeling process, structural equation modeling and partial least squares (PLS) software were used. The results of the study revealed that the structural modeling of higher education based on sustainable development components, using the mixed method, includes 2 causal conditions and 8 subcriteria, 1 contextual condition and 3 subcriteria, 1 intervening factor and 2 subcriteria, 2 strategies and 5 subcriteria, and finally, 2 major outcomes with 5 subcriteria. These outcomes, ranked by priority, are the development of sustainable projects and businesses (with a factor loading of 0.633) and the management of natural resources and the environment (with a factor loading of 0.524). Consequently, it can be concluded that focusing on sustainable development in the region enhances business development and the conservation and management of natural resources.

در اجرای پژوهش، از رویکرد کیفی به روش نظریة داده بنیاد استفاده گردید. در اجرای پژوهش، از رویکرد کیفی به روش نظریة داده بنیاد استفاده گردید.همچنین 20 نفر از ناظران و مجریان برنامه تعالی با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و براساس اصل اشباع نظری انتخاب گردید. برای جمع آوری داده‌ها، از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته استفاده شد و تحلیل داده‌ها، با روش کدگذاری سیستماتیک سه مرحله‌ای (کدگذاری‌ باز، محوری و انتخابی) صورت گرفت و مقوله‌ها که اجزای مختلف مدل را تشکیل می‌دادند، در شش طبقه دسته‌بندی شدند. نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد مقوله؛ کیفیت اجرای برنامه تعالی متأثر از عوامل علی نظیر؛ وضعیت منابع مالی و انسانی مدارس و میزان اهتمام متولیان امر در برنامه‌ریزی و اجرای برنامه تعالی است. همچنین می-توان با تدبیر راهبردهای مطلوب نظیر؛ آموزش نیروی انسانی، سلامت سازمانی و سودمندی معلمان اجرای برنامه را تسهیل نمود که این عوامل خود از شرایط زمینه‌ای مانند؛ فرهنگ سازمانی، نقش اولیاء و عوامل محیطی و شرایط مداخله‌گر نظیر؛ سبک مدیریت و رهبری و ویژگی‌های مدیر تأثیر می‌پذیرند، و در نهایت اجرای برنامه تعالی به پیامدهایی مانند؛ برنامه‌ محوری، خود‌‌ارزیابی، مدرسه محوری و کیفیت جامع در مدرسه منجر می‌شود.

the purpose of this study was to determine the Efforts to Improve the Performance of Educators through Monitoring and Evaluation at the Academy of Nursing at the Telkkt.III Teling Manado. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Data Collection Techniques and Procedures, namely Observation, Interview, Documentation, while Data Analysis Techniques used in this study were based on what was developed by Strauss and Corbin (1990: 57) through several procedures, namely: Open coding, coding centralized (axial coding), and selective coding (selective coding). The results obtained from this study are as follows: Monitoring and evaluation can motivate educators to improve their performance; at the same time with Monitoring and Evaluation can be found out the way to prevent the occurrence of irregularities or mistakes by educators; Monitoring and Evaluation can increase the sense of responsibility for teaching staff in carrying out their main duties and functions as instructors. As an evaluation material for future improvement, in this study we can draw the conclusion that the improvement of performance and responsibility for the main tasks and functions for educators is the responsibility of educators and educational institutions so that deviations or mistakes can be avoided. Keywords: efforts, performance, monitoring and evaluation

SECI model has shown that tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge can be transformed into each other. Based on SECI model, this paper analyses the way of transformation of knowledge and summarizes the teaching process in colleges and universities firstly, and then builds up a teaching process model secondly. Thirdly, the process of knowledge transformation in teaching process is analyzed in this paper in detail. Finally, based on the analysed results from SECI model, this paper proposes five aspects contents of optimization and innovation for teaching process in colleges and universities.

Aim/Purpose: A vital business activity within organizations is tacit knowledge (TK) transfer. This work aims to propose a novel framework for TK transferability in multinational corporations (MNCs) from the information and communication technology (ICT) perspective. Background: In the past two decades, researchers have developed several frameworks for TK transfer based on humanistic, business, and educational perspectives. However, a review of the existing work revealed that TK transfer has seldom been examined from an ICT perspective. Methodology: A qualitative method was adopted because it was considered the most appropriate for the research requirements. A grounded theory approach was employed to generate the items that potentially affect the transferability of TK. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, along with observations when possible. The study sample consisted of 20 expert interviewees in Malaysia. An inductive ongoing data analysis process based on grounded theory via open, axial, and selective coding was used as the primary analysis method. In addition, comparative and frequency count analyses were used to examine the collected data. Contribution: The main contribution of this study is its use of the grounded theory approach, which resulted in the generation of items that affect the transferability of TK, not all of which had been identified by previous researchers. This paper reports one of the few inductive studies conducted on TK transferability among MNCs and, therefore, makes distinct contributions to the literature on TK management, specifically bringing to the fore the intricacies involved in TK transferability. Findings: Information and communication technology plays a crucial role in and has a positive impact on TK transfer in MNCs. This study evaluated the potential of various ICT channels to facilitate TK transfer. The findings show that ICT tools cannot completely substitute for face-to-face contact. Tacit knowledge that has a high degree of complexity requires sophisticated channel features for its transfer. From this standpoint, virtual face-to-face communication is the richest communication medium in the ICT hierarchy. On the other hand, email and voicemail are less effective channels for TK transfer, while synchronous groupware is an intermediate communication medium. The findings highlight the importance of utilizing an appropriate mix of channels to improve TK transferability. Recommendations for Practitioners: It is recommended that practitioners consider the diverse aspects of TK and the potential of a range of ICT channels for the TK transfer process in order to increase the efficiency of TK transfer. The analytic categories developed in this study may give managers new insights into and a better understanding of how TK can be supported in a modern organization and how to overcome the barriers to TK transfer.