Abstract
The gynecological interrogations, clinical impressions and results obtained from 1587 patients who attended the Department of Cellular Biology of the Faculty of Medicine of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, for cervicovaginal exfoliative cytology sampling (Papanicolaou) were analyzed. Within the framework of the early cancer detection program from March 2010 to March 2021. From the 1587 patients studied, 302 reported smoking during the gynecological examination. Of the total number of patients with a smoking habit 178 (58.94%) showed cervicovaginal lesions on microscopic observation and/or physical examination. Smoking is considered a predisposing factor in the appearance of cervicovaginal lesions, and there is a need to carry out more detailed studies on the secondary effects of tobacco in patients with an active sexual life and a smoking habit in Mexico.
Highlights
Cigarette consumption according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is one of the main risk factors for premature death in men and women
Nicotine crosses the alveolar surface of the lungs, stimulating ß-adrenoceptors and generating elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin-E2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), favoring the nicotine exchange in the smoker's tissues; these findings provide an association of nicotine with the genesis of lesions, cellular modifications and even cancer [5,6]
Regarding the total number of patients with a smoking habit 178 patients (58.94%) showed cervicovaginal lesions on microscopic observation and/or physical examination, so their smoking rate was calculated (Table 1)
Summary
Cigarette consumption according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is one of the main risk factors for premature death in men and women. The American Cancer Society reports that smoking is a risk factor for different types of cancer, especially cervical cancer, highlighting that tobacco combustion products are distributed throughout the body causing alterations in central cellular pathways, damage, and mutations [1-4]. Biochemical studies show that both the nitrosamine ketone derived from nicotine, as well as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, can be stored in any part of the body, generating free radicals that explain part of the pathogenesis of diseases related to smoking, being the consumption of cigarettes one of the most important risk factors for the development of cellular and epithelial lesions [8,9]. The purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of smoking on the appearance of cervicovaginal pathology
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