Influence of the Cutting Angle on the Resistance of Bulldozer Working Equipment Blade Burial When the Machine Is Moving

Background: The brick manufacturing industry is still needed to support the establishment of a building. Workers in this industry, facing the potential hazards of various factors, are often unaware of the existence of such hazards and, in fact, often overlook the use of protective equipment in work. Method: This study used qualitative approach. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential hazards faced by brick industry workers and assess the needs of personal protective equipment (PPE) in work. The subjects of this research are all brick industry workers in Kembangarum Village, Demak by using job safety analysis approach. Results: The results show that workers face mechanical hazards, heat, radiation, dust, smoke, lighting, and ergonomics. fell. Based on the study concluded that brick industry workers face the danger of physical factors, biology and ergonomics. PPE required are: head cover (hat, caping), mask, long dress, boots and gloves. Conclusion: Eliminating and or reducing occupational hazards risk among workers used adapting PPE

The measure to acquire the mechanized working technique with high energy utilization efficiency was studied by optimizing a combination of a tractor with a work equipment.1) After the load characteristic of a main work equipment for tractors was measured, it was found that the work equipment for tilling required the heaviest power, came next the work equipment for harvesting, breaking and leveling and the work equipment for control, fertilizing and sowing required the lightly power.If these operations are performed by one tractor, a large tractor suitable for tilling would be required and the output utilization ratio of the tractor would be too small for other operations.2) After the influence of the factor on the load characteristic of the work equipment was measured by a plow and rotary tiller, it was recognized that both the required power and fuel consumption have a constant primary linear relationship with the travel speed, working width, depth and hardness of soil respectively.3) When about 80% of the tractor maximum output was used that the fuel consumption per horsepower and fuel consumption work volume were high. Further, in the rotary cultivation with a certain area, the smaller the tractor was, the wider the working width was, and the lower the travel speed was, the less the fuel consumption was.4) The “Balanced Load System” which adapts the load for the work equipment with the tractor output by making the work equipment load uniform is regarded as a working method with high energy utilization effciency. The balanced load system was calculated by varying the working width whereby the load for the work equipment can be easily increased and decreased. As a result, a non-realistic working width was given, however it was considered reasonable that this system should be based on a 30 PS class tractor.5) In a tilling operation with a particularly great load, the tractor for use could be reduced to half in size and the fuel consumption be reduced by about 30% without reducing the work efficiency and accuracy by dispersing the load by means of partial cultivation.

The purpose of this research is to find out whether the Procurement of Materials and Work Equipment that is implemented by IdeSign Interior Design & Build at Pegadungan Kalideres, West Jakarta is optimal and can increase insight into the importance of the process of Procurement of Work Materials and Equipment at IdeSign Interior Design and Furniture Company. This research was conducted through direct observation to the location, namely Pegadungan Kalideres, West Jakarta. Data collection was carried out by field observations and interviews with the Supervisor and CEO of IdeSign Interior Design & Build.Limited knowledge related to differences in the quality of Materials and Working Tools from various brands or brands used is a problem faced in managing a furniture business, it is necessary to identify the quality specifications of a brand or brand, besides that differences in price and availability of goods affect the process of providing materials to evaluate various types of decision-making and raw materials remain available when needed.

У статті описується розроблена автором оригінальна інноваційна технологія викладання теми “Робоче та допоміжне обладнання тракторів і автомобілів“ студентам неінженерного профілю, зокрема напрямів підготовки 6.090101 “Агрономія“ та 0501 “Економіка і підприємництво“. Ключові слова: інноваційна технологія, трактор, автомобіль, викладання, студент, неінженерний профіль, робоче обладнання, допоміжне обладнання. In the article the worked out is described by an author original innovative technology of teaching of theme the Working and auxiliary equipment of tractors and cars to the students of unengineering profile, in particular directions of preparation a 6.090101 Agronomics and 0501 Economy and enterprise. Key words: innovative technology, tractor, car, teaching, student, unengineering profile, working equipment, ancillaries.

Productive energy in the US economy

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infecting animals and humans via close contact, handling, or consuming contaminated products is a growing public health concern. In Ethiopia, it is important to examine the overall prevalence of S. aureus, patterns of multidrug resistance, and potential risks in human-animal interface settings. Thus, this review was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of S. aureus, its multidrug resistance, and potential risk factors for worker-animal-working equipment interactions. This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out by the PRISMA guidelines. The research articles were searched from PubMed, HINARI, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases. This meta-analysis included 13 independent articles and 52 dependent studies. In total, 5,329 humans, 5,475 animals, and 5,119 samples of working equipment were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus at the interfaces between humans, animals, and working equipment was 22%, there was a high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 94%: p < 0.01). The overall pooled prevalence of S. aureus in dairy farm sources was 23% (95% CI, 17-30%) compared to 18% in abattoirs. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus was estimated to be 25% for human sources, 23% for animal sources, and 19% for working equipment. The total multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 27%. The present study illustrates that a predominant antimicrobials comprising ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, accounts for the development of resistance in S. aureus strains, with a prevalence of 72%. According to the qualitative assessment of potential risk factors, animal age, worker education, lactation stage, and hand washing by milkers influenced the circulation of S. aureus at animal-worker and working equipment interfaces. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus at the interface of human,-and animal-working equipment was quantified at 22%. S. aureus was found in humans, animals, and equipment at nearly the same rate. The results of this study demonstrate that S. aureus is hazardous and circulates among animals, workers, and equipment: farmers, animal owners, employees, and the public need to be educated about S. aureus. Moreover, animals and work equipment should be included in the control and prevention of S. aureus infection.

BACKGROUND: Topological optimization is widely used in aircraft construction and architecture, but is still of limited use in heavy mechanical engineering. At the same time, the metal cutting for production of working bodies, frames and other structures is often carried out by plasma cutters with computer numerical control. This makes it possible to produce flat parts of almost any complexity. Consequently, there is a field for using the topology optimization methods with no need to use additive technologies to create three-dimensional structures. OBJECTIVE: Weight reduction of the structural components of the front loader’s working equipment without loss of rigidity and strength, as compared with traditional designs; exploration of the capabilities of topological optimization for solving this problem. METHODS: The DM-30 loader was used as the base machine. Its work equipment was converted into a set of flat-shaped design volumes, to which the topological optimization methods of the Autodesk Inventor Professional (AIP) software package were applied. As the steel structure of the working equipment is subject to load in different directions during operation, a method of sequential generation of parts’ shapes for each design position and synthesis of all the shapes into a single object was used. The forces acting on the components of the working equipment were determined with dynamic simulation of the design positions for the base machine which made it possible to study the majority of operation cases. RESULTS: As a result, the weight of the front loader was reduced by 36% while sustaining the same strength characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method of formation the optimized steel structure is capable of using simple topological optimization modules and obtaining up to 40% less metal-consuming spatial structures.

Problem. This article is devoted to the study of the load of the working equipment of the knife pipe boring machine for trenchless laying of linear underground engineering communications by pulling them through the soil. The implementation of this method requires significant traction efforts, which causes big stress in its working equipment. Understanding their meaning is important when designing these machines. Goal. The purpose of the research is to create calculation schemes and mathematical models that will allow you to get an idea of the load on the work equipment and provide it with a qualitative assessment of its stress state. Methodology. In order to achieve the set goal, an idea of the dynamics of work processes of earthmoving and transport machines was put forward. Results. The obtained results made it possible to carry out an analysis of the loads on the working equipment of the pipe dredger, taking into account the processes that occur during the meeting of the knife working body with an obstacle in the process of movement. Namely, it was established that when the back knife of the working equipment meets with obstacles, the stiffness of which increases, from 10.000 to 20,000kN/m, it does not lead to a significant increase in the operating loads, which can be explained by a significant difference in the stiffness of the obstacle and the working equipment. It is possible to reduce the maximum operating loads from 270 to 210kN, or by 27% by reducing the stiffness of the working equipment from 2000 to 500kN/m due to the use of additional elastic nodes or elements that absorb dynamic loads in the metal structure of the knife equipment of the machine. The most significant reduction in operating forces can be achieved by reducing the speed of movement in areas where obstacles are likely to be encountered. The conducted studies showed that changing the movement speed from 1.5 to 0.5 m/s allows to reduce the resulting forces from 330 to 190 kN, or by 43%. Scientific novelty. For the first time, calculation models were obtained for determining the dynamic load of the working equipment of knife pipe boring machines during its collision with obstacles.. Practical value. The results of the research can be recommended for practical use in the design of knife-type pipe deepeners, which are intended for trenchless laying of underground communications.

Selecting the most suitable work equipment is a key factor in creating the value of products; therefore, the design and selection of work equipment are increasingly focused on its adaptability. The adaptability of work equipment with regards to flexibility and responsiveness is defined by its universality, mobility, modularity, compatibility and economy. This article presents a methodology of evaluating the adaptability of work equipment and a procedure for selecting work equipment with the maximum adaptability index (i.e. the optimal one) from a group of available work equipment. The results of designing and weighing the criteria of the target tree are presented, as well as the results of coarse and fine selection of the optimal CNC lathe, considering its expected adaptability.

Introduction: Nurses are an important human resource in hospital health services with a high-risk workplace that can cause accidents or occupational diseases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between near-miss knowledge, occupational health and safety skill, and work equipment with the occurrence of near-miss among nurses. Method: This research used a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was nurses in Ploso Regional Public Hospital. The samples were chosen using the purposive sampling method with a number of 53 nurses out of 56 population of nurses with consideration of safety during the Covid-19 pandemic. The independent variables were near-miss knowledge, occupational health and safety skill, and work equipment. The dependent variable was the occurrence of the near-miss. The data was collected using questionnaires. The data analysis technique used was the Pearson correlation test. Result: The result of the questionnaire showed most of the samples had high near-miss knowledge, high occupational health and safety skill, and good work equipment. The occurrence of near-miss among the nurses was mostly medium. The Pearson correlation test result showed that the correlation of near-miss knowledge was weak, occupational health and safety skill were fairly strong, and work equipment was weak. Conclusion: The relationship between near-miss knowledge with the occurrence of near-miss has a weak correlation with positive direction, the relationship between occupational health and safety skills and the occurrence of near-miss has a fairly strong correlation with negative direction, and the relationship between work equipment and the occurrence of near-miss has a weak correlation with negative direction.

Aim The detection of unsafe handling with work equipment in small and micro enterprises. Introduction A well elaborated occupational safety and health policy is crucial, yet, can micro and small scaled enterprises (MSE’s) develop a good safety program, according working with workequipment? Methods Idewe, a Belgian external service for prevention and protection at work, uses the online risk-assessment tool ‘BRIE (i.e. Better Risk Inventarisation and Evaluation) to guide occupational health and safety experts during periodic company visits. BRIE risk-assessments were performed in a convenience sample of MSE’s during the period 2015–2016. A selection of questions about safety handling (n=6) was assessed. Examples are: Has the employer already made an inventory of the working-equipment?; Are there good safetyinstructions for all work equipments?; Have the employees been trained on safe use of work equipment? Only the MSE’s where all safety factors (work equipment-related) were scored, were included for analysis. Prevalences were calculated using frequencies. Results Brie provides, 1/a list of important sector specific OSH issues (e.g. workequipment), 2/advice regarding good practices, legal information and preventive actions and 3) an evaluation of sector specific occupational risks. Data was available from 1950 MSE’s. About 59% of the companies, did not have an inventory of there workequipment. 53% of the companies did not have any instruction for there working-equipment. Only 33% scored positive on training or education of there employees about safe use of their work equipment. Discussion Brie risk-assessments reveal that assessments and policies regarding safe use of working equipment is non-existing in a significant number of MSE’s. MSE’s therefore need extra support, information, and advise.

Abstract. Problem. During technological operations in road construction, pressure-acting machines, such as bulldozers and front-end loaders, are subjected to significant dynamic loads transmitted from the working equipment to the machine elements. Such loads reach their maximum values when the working equipment encounters an obstacle that is difficult to overcome. Due to the fact that the working equipment is not directly attached to the tractor frame, the maximum shock loads are perceived directly by the frame elements. In our case, one of the loaded elements is the articulated joint. Goal. To develop a simple but accurate methodology for studying the dynamic load of both the hinge joint and the loading equipment of a front-end loader. Methodology. In the process of conducted research, in the theoretical field of study, was applied classic methods of mathematical modeling, which are based on the solution of differential equations of the second order. Results. The obtained method of determining the dynamic load of the main elements of pressure action machines, such as wheel loaders and wheeled bulldozers, will enable the design of highly loaded elements with a given level of durability in the development of such machines. Originality. As practice shows, very complex research methods do not always give accurate results. This is due to the fact that when using complex systems, the number of assumptions increases, which cannot affect the adequacy of the model in the best way. The simple mathematical model we proposed allows us to describe the processes with high accuracy. Practical value. The use of this methodology allows at the stage of design of new pressure-action machines, such as front-end loaders and wheeled bulldozers, to significantly reduce the time for modeling of loads, which will be further used in the design of working equipment and in the study of loading of the machine as a whole.

The article is devoted to the development and presentation of the design of changeable, bulldozer-gripping, multi-purpose work equipment for the mobile hinge-united wheeled chassis of high passability, modeling the load on work equipment within the software "SolidWorks" to optimize process or to check geometric and weight parameters in order to justify the material for long-term resistance. The changeable working equipment on the basis of the mobile hinge-united wheeled chassis of high passability, namely the bulldozer dump in combination with the gripping device for performance of a wide range of working operations is presented. Changeable work equipment provides: - development and movement of soils of I-III categories at a distance of up to 100 m, digging up and backfilling of trenches and ditches; - forming of embankments, cutting of terraces, performance of planning, cleaning and preparatory works by the main dump; - capture, fixing and transportation of goods; - loosening of soils of IV-V categories; - uprooting of stumps; - extraction and movement of boulders; - installation and dismantling of vertical elements (racks, pillars), horizontal long elements (curb, paving slabs, pipeline elements,…). Also the study of the stress state of the most responsible elements of the working equipment was carried out in the software environment "SolidWorks" within the existing loads and the accepted material for their manufacture. The number of load cycles before the loss of these elements of long-term resistance beyond the yield strength of the material was determined. The conducted researches allowed to establish: - when modeling the stress state of the element of working equipment (clamping frame) in the environment "SolidWorks" at static load within 710 kN, the clamping frame material and its design withstand working loads according to all criteria of the program "SolidWorks": fatiguing destruction, loss of stability, margin of strength, deformation and displacement that occur under load. The load acting on this element in the process of work was determined using the formed calculation schemes and standard methods; - the design of the clamping frame made of steel 10HSND withstands without signs of destruction of about 1,000,000 load cycles. A further increase in the number of load cycles leads to the destruction of this structural element; - for the manufacture of elements of working equipment, it is advisable to use steel 10HSND. More durable grades of steel are inexpedient from an economic point of view, and steels with a yield strength of less than 390 H/mm2 do not have a sufficient margin of safety.

The paper is focused on a research project aiming to provide conditions for market competitiveness of producers and to guarantee the free movement of Romanian products on the EU. This is done by guaranteeing essential health and safety requirements applicable to work equipment in order to implement policies set out in the strategy EUROPE 2020. This strategy takes into account the priority of: favourable growth of inclusion-promoting an economy with a high rate of employment, ensuring social and territorial cohesion. The research aims to improve working conditions and ensure OSH for workers operating in the sectors of the national economy through the use of work equipment compliant and safety through occupational risks of injury and occupational disease identified in these types of equipment in order to increase the support for SMEs to achieve prevention and safety activities. The research results consist in promoting some occupational risk prevention tools developed for SMEs, in order to guarantee the required design and manufacturing work equipment used in wood processing industries, activities which, at workplaces, may affect the health and safety of workers, both those who use the work equipment and those directly involved.

Comfort optimization for work equipment handles frequently fails in practice because of high temporal complexity and high development costs, coupled with the pressure of shorter development times. Handle design also has a strong subjective element rooted in the communication of comfort as sensation. Finally, handle design lacks an objective method to make comfort measurable. This paper presents a new method for achieving comfort optimization of work equipment based on a digital hand model, using the example of an iron bender. After determining significant factors of the work equipment, a so-called work equipment dependent pressure discomfort model (PDT model) is derived. The paper then focuses on practical creation of a finite element method (FEM) hand model. Finally, handle design parameters such as shape, size, material and surface can be derived from the FEM hand model in relation to the PDT model.