Abstract
To determine the influence of socio-demographic characteristics in the self-care of people with heart failure (HF). Cross-sectional, analytical study, held in three private hospitals in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, with 57 hospitalized patients. The data were collected through a demographic characterization form and a self-care assessment scale and were analyzed with inferential statistics, using mean comparison tests. Self-care was best assessed in people with higher education level, higher household income and in a relationship. The socio-demographic characteristics influenced seven self-care practices: dietary control; monitoring of body weight; effort in labor activities; knowledge about HF; up-to-date vaccination record; leisure activities; and family and social support network with strong bonds. The higher prevalence of answers indicating satisfactory self-care practices among the patients occurred in the areas of health promotion and tolerance to stress.
Highlights
IntroductionHeart failure (HF) stands out for the high cost of its treatment
Among the cardiovascular diseases, heart failure (HF) stands out for the high cost of its treatment
Many clinical conditions are associated with increased propensity for HF, and among them, the most recent publication of the American College of Cardiology outlines four risk factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis[3]
Summary
Heart failure (HF) stands out for the high cost of its treatment. The growing prevalence of HF, with estimated 5 million cases in Brazil in 2015, is mainly due to the increase in life expectancy, seeing as the disease has a direct relation with age and with the most common comorbidities in the aging process[2]. Considering the chronic nature of HF and the need of changing habits for the patients to maintain a good quality of life after receiving the diagnosis, some rehabilitation programs have been developed with the purpose of reestablishing their usual daily and labor activities. These programs are based on the encouraging of self-care to avoid complications associated with the loss of control over the disease
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