Abstract
The KAM11 experiment was conducted in 100 m of water off the Western side of Kauai, Hawaii, in June/July, 2011 during which two identical bottom mounted tripods, separated by 1 km, transmitted reciprocal chirp sequences. A monitoring hydrophone was suspended at a depth of 25 m from the R/V Kilo Moana approximately midway between the tripod stations. Impulse response measurements at the suspended hydrophone show intermediate arrivals between direct-path/bottom-bounce and surface-bounce arrivals unique to only one tripod source. Focusing and defocussing of the intermediate arrivals show the influence of fluctuations in the sound speed profile over time scales from seconds to hours. Short term intensity variations arise from surface driven vertical undulations in the water column. Over longer time scales changes in the thermocline govern the evolution of the intermediate arrival. Data model comparison is conducted with ray tracing and parabolic equation modeling. [Work supported by ONR 322OA.]
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