Abstract
This study explores the feasibility of Indonesian sea sand in replacing V–Ti–Fe concentrate for sintering. The influence of different additive proportions of Indonesian sea sand on sintering index and sinter properties is examined in a laboratory by adjusting the substitution proportion from 5% to 40%. Results imply that vertical sintering speed and utility factor show an apparent decreasing trend, but drum strength, finished product rate and returned fine rate are not significantly affected with the increase in the proportion of Indonesian sea sand and with the decrease in the proportion of V–Ti–Fe concentrate. With the increase in the proportion of sea sand, the reduction degradation index of sinter at low temperatures declines sharply from 65% to 31%, the grade of sinter and content of TiO2 changes slightly, and the reduction degradation and degree decline. Unlike V–Ti–Fe concentrate, Indonesian sea sand does not perform well in sintering, and the substitution proportion should not exceed 35%.
Highlights
This study explores the feasibility of Indonesian sea sand in replacing V–Ti–Fe concentrate for sintering
As a low-to-medium-grade titanic iron ore-contained resource, the grade of Indonesian sea sand is lower than 58%, but the TiO2 content reaches over 9%, and mainly includes titanohematite, titanomagnetite, ilmenite (FeTiO3 ), limonite, pyroxene and other minerals [2,3]
The effect of sea sand on sintering and sinter quality has been studied, and the results show that sinter reducibility improves moderately but the low temperature reduction degradation index (RDI) worsens with the increase in the proportion of sea sand in the mixture
Summary
This study explores the feasibility of Indonesian sea sand in replacing V–Ti–Fe concentrate for sintering. With the increase in the proportion of sea sand, the reduction degradation index of sinter at low temperatures declines sharply from 65% to 31%, the grade of sinter and content of. Unlike V–Ti–Fe concentrate, Indonesian sea sand does not perform well in sintering, and the substitution proportion should not exceed 35%. Sea sand is a type of heavy sand mine; its source is basalt lava flushed by sea water, and the weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is mainly distributed in New Zealand, Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia. Sea sand is regarded as a new vanadium and titanium resource, and some scholars have proposed using sea sand instead of high-quality iron ore for sintering production to reduce production costs [7,8,9]
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