Abstract
The advancement of electric mobility as a measure to comply with international climate targets and sustain renewable resources in the future has led to an electrification of the mobility sector in recent years. This trend has not been spared in the logistics and commercial vehicle sector. Emerging electric powertrain concepts for long-haul vehicles have since been developed and adapted to different use cases and axle concepts. In this paper, the authors show the influence of the powertrain topology and the associated design of the electric machine on the efficiency and energy consumption of commercial vehicles. For this, existing series or prototype long-haul axle topologies are analyzed regarding their efficiency and operating points within four driving cycles. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis on the influence of the total gearbox ratio tests the assumed designs. We find that single-machine topologies offer efficiency advantages over multiple-machine topologies. However, this study highlights a joint consideration of application-specific machine design and topology to realize the full technological potential.
Highlights
IntroductionWith the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) but 189 countries in total, pledged to reduce greenhouse gases and limit global warming to 1.5–2 ◦ C [1]
Machine Design on Efficiency ofWith the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) but 189 countries in total, pledged to reduce greenhouse gases and limit global warming to 1.5–2 ◦ C [1]
Including the machine design in our approach, we show that the choice of machine design and topology can influence the overall efficiency in the same range as the choice of topology, as Verbruggen et al showed
Summary
With the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) but 189 countries in total, pledged to reduce greenhouse gases and limit global warming to 1.5–2 ◦ C [1]. The EU set goals to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions by 40% until 2030 and by at least. 80% by 2050 compared to the levels of 1990. Transportation accounts for 27% of European greenhouse emissions, of which road transport comprises 72% [2]. Road transportation provides large leverage to achieve the ambitious climate goals of the Paris Agreement. The EU introduced CO2 limits for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles in 2019 to reduce emissions by 15% in 2025 and 30% in 2030 compared to 2019 levels [3]
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