Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of HSP70 and HMA3 in the switchgrass inoculated with plant-growth-promoting-bacteria (PGPB) under cadmium (Cd) stress and to observe the benefit of PGPB in plant growth and development. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture and treated with PGPB inoculants: Pseudomonas grimontii, Pantoea vagans, Pseudomonas veronii, and Pseudomonas fluorescens with the strains Bc09, So23, E02, and Oj24, respectively. The experimental results revealed that HSP70 and HMA3 genes expressed highly in the PGPB-inoculated plants under Cd stress. In addition, the expression of HSP70 and HMA3 genes was considerably higher in the first two days after successive four-day exposure of Cd in plants compared to the last two days of exposure. Increased biomass and indole-3-acetic-acid production with reduced Cd accumulation were observed in the PGPB-inoculated plants under Cd stress compared to the Cd-control plants. These PGPB, with their beneficial mechanisms, protect plants by modifying the gene expression profile that arises during Cd-toxic conditions and increased the healthy biomass of switchgrass. This demonstrates there is a correlation among the growth parameters under Cd stress. The PGPB in this study may help to intensify agriculture by triggering mechanisms to encourage plant growth and development under heavy metal stress.
Highlights
IntroductionHeavy metal pollution is a topic of great interest among all abiotic stresses [1,2]
Biotic and abiotic stresses frequently limit plant production
Under Cd stress, the PGPB-inoculated plants obtained a higher root dry weight than the Cd-control plants that ranged from 46% (0.04 g in So23 + Cd) to 217%
Summary
Heavy metal pollution is a topic of great interest among all abiotic stresses [1,2]. Heavy metal pollution endangers plants, animals, and humans and it is an alarming global problem. Heavy metal exposure has been shown to cause changes in plant protein expression [1]. Plants have developed diverse mechanisms for the alleviation of stress and re-establishment of cellular homeostasis, to include expression of metal transporters for metal uptake and vacuolar transport, chelators for tolerance and detoxification of heavy metals, and chaperones that deliver and traffic metal ions [5,6]. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are well established chaperones involved in “housekeeping” the cell processes [7]. Exposure to Cd resulted in an increased accumulation of stress-related proteins such as HSPs, chaperones, foldases, proteases and pathogenesis-related (PR)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
