Abstract
In the transparent organic crystal known as succinonitrile-acetone binary alloy, transient behavior of unidirectional solidification is directly observed within the range where the planar interface is stable, by means of a microscopic interferometer. Interface morphology and solidification rates are obtained by bright-field observations. Interference fringes are used to determine the gradient of the temperature and of the solute concentration in the liquid ahead of the solid-liquid interface. Although the solidification direction is taken such that the thermal convection is suppressed, experimental data on solidification rates and concentration gradients agree well with numerical values based not on the diffusion-controlled model, but on the boundary layer model which assumes fluid mixing beyond the boundary layer. One of the reasons why fluid mixing occurs is thought to be the thermosolutal convection induced by the concentration gradient built up ahead of the solid-liquid interface. Thickness of the boundary layer estimated from experimental data of solidification rates agrees quantitatively with those obtained from interference fringes and from tracer analysis.
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