Influence of Milk-Clotting Enzyme Concentration on the αS1-Casein Hydrolysis During Soft Cheeses Ripening

Abstract

We studied the influence of the dose of milk-clotting enzyme on αs1-CN degradation, soluble nitrogen production, and sensory profile for an Argentinean soft cheese: Cremoso Argentino. Five different types of cheeses were produced: 1) control cheeses with normal technology, 2) cheeses with inactivated milk-clotting enzyme, 3) cheeses with inactivated milk-clotting enzyme, without starter (acidified with glucono delta lactone), 4) cheeses with a half dose of milk-clotting enzyme, and 5) cheeses with a double dose of milk-clotting enzyme. Proteolysis was assessed by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis of the insoluble fraction at pH 4.6, followed by densitometric quantification. Soluble nitrogen at pH 4.6, expressed as a percentage of total nitrogen and defined as ripening index was also performed. A sensorial panel evaluated the cheeses at the end of ripening. The hydrolysis level of αs1-CN depended on the milk-clotting enzyme dose used in cheese making. Cheeses without active coagulant did not show degradation at the end of ripening, while cheeses with half and whole doses showed proportional degradations to coagulant dose. Cheese with a double dose of coagulant did not show higher αs1-CN hydrolysis than normal cheese. No difference was found between cheeses with and without microbiological starter, indicating that the selected culture, composed of thermophilic strains, was unable to attack the whole casein. A high linear correlation was found between ripening index and the relation%αs1−Iαs1−I+αs1.Sensorial characteristics of cheeses agree with objective analysis. Cheeses without active coagulant were hard and crumbly, while cheeses with normal dose were soft and creamy.