Abstract
Using neodymium ring magnets (0.5–0.65 T), the experiments on the magnetic field (MF) effects on water evaporation rate and surface tension were performed at room temperature (22–24 °C). In accordance with the literature data, the enhanced evaporation rates were observed in the experiments conducted in a period of several days or weeks. However, the evaporated amounts of water (up to 440 mg over 150 min) in particular experiments differed. The evaporated amounts depended partially on which pole of the ring magnet was directed up. The relatively strong MF (0.65 T) caused a slight decrease in surface tension (−2.11 mN/m) which lasted longer than 60 min and the memory effect vanished slowly. The surface tension data reduced by the MF action are reported in the literature, although contrary results can be also found. The observed effects can be explained based on literature data of molecular simulations and the suggestion that MF affects the hydrogen bonds of intra- and inter-clusters of water molecules, possibly even causing breakage some of them. The Lorentz force influence is also considered. These mechanisms are discussed in the paper.
Highlights
The effects of magnetic field (MF) on water treatment have been studied over 50 years in various aspects, and they still attract many researchers
The presented results show clearly that MF causes changes in the structure of water which appears in the changes of the rate of evaporation and surface tension which was already reported in the earlier published papers [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]
Both in the case of evaporation and surface tension experiments the water samples contacted with the atmosphere during the deionization (MilliporeQ System) and distillation processes
Summary
The effects of magnetic field (MF) on water treatment have been studied over 50 years in various aspects, and they still attract many researchers. The flow could cause a susceptibility gradient in the vertical direction during the water vaporization and the vaporization from the surface parallel to the field gradient was enhanced These experiments were conducted in a strong 8 T superconducting solenoid MF which was confirmed later by Guo et al [12] who used the superconducting magnet and simulated gravity. A 6% increase in water evaporation treated in 0.5 T MF was reported by Rashid et al [11] but only if the origin of the field was placed at the water/air interface level and no effect was observed if the MF was positioned in the middle or bottom of the sample. In our experiments the ring neodymium magnets were used instead of ferrite ones
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