Abstract
BackgroundMagnesium alloys are of particular interest in medical science since they provide compatible mechanical properties with those of the cortical bone and, depending on the alloying elements, they have the capability to tailor the degradation rate in physiological conditions, providing alternative bioresorbable materials for bone applications. The present study investigates the in vitro short-term response of human undifferentiated cells on three magnesium alloys and high-purity magnesium (Mg).Materials and MethodsThe degradation parameters of magnesium-silver (Mg2Ag), magnesium-gadolinium (Mg10Gd) and magnesium-rare-earth (Mg4Y3RE) alloys were analysed after 1, 2, and 3 days of incubation in cell culture medium under cell culture condition. Changes in cell viability and cell adhesion were evaluated by culturing human umbilical cord perivascular cells on corroded Mg materials to examine how the degradation influences the cellular development.Results and ConclusionsThe pH and osmolality of the medium increased with increasing degradation rate and it was found to be most pronounced for Mg4Y3RE alloy. The biological observations showed that HUCPV exhibited a more homogeneous cell growth on Mg alloys compared to high-purity Mg, where they showed a clustered morphology. Moreover, cells exhibited a slightly higher density on Mg2Ag and Mg10Gd in comparison to Mg4Y3RE, due to the lower alkalinisation and osmolality of the incubation medium. However, cells grown on Mg10Gd and Mg4Y3RE generated more developed and healthy cellular structures that allowed them to better adhere to the surface. This can be attributable to a more stable and homogeneous degradation of the outer surface with respect to the incubation time.
Highlights
Clinical modalities for orthopaedic trauma require the use of non-resorbable screws, plates, stents and pins made of metallic materials such as titanium, cobalt-chrome and stainless steel alloys [1,2,3]
The present study investigates the in vitro short-term response of human undifferentiated cells on three magnesium alloys and high-purity magnesium (Mg)
The pH and osmolality of the medium increased with increasing degradation rate and it was found to be most pronounced for Mg4Y3RE alloy
Summary
Clinical modalities for orthopaedic trauma require the use of non-resorbable screws, plates, stents and pins made of metallic materials such as titanium, cobalt-chrome and stainless steel alloys [1,2,3]. The major disadvantage of these materials is that, in some cases, it will be necessary for the clinicians to remove the device at a certain time of recovery Due to this drawback, the constant pursuit for alternative bioresorbable materials that could function as orthopaedic and oromaxillofacial applications has been increased. Magnesium and magnesium alloys have drawn significant attention due to their biodegradable characteristics [4,5,6] These materials combine the resorbable properties of the polymeric implants which are widely used for osteosynthesis in non-weight bearing bones [7], with the mechanical stability of metal implants, which withstand the mechanical loading during function [8]. The present study investigates the in vitro short-term response of human undifferentiated cells on three magnesium alloys and high-purity magnesium (Mg)
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