Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the influence of ion pairing and chemical enhancers on the transdermal delivery of meloxicam. Method: We examined the increased permeation of meloxicam produced by ion pair formation with six organic bases, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and N-(2′-hydroxyethanol)-piperidine, and four normal permeation enhancers, oleic acid, menthol, azone, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The cumulative permeation was markedly increased in the presence of either a counter ion or chemical enhancers. In particular, we proved the formation of a meloxicam/amine ion-pair in solution by 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Results and conclusion: The cumulative permeation was markedly increased in the presence of either a counter ion or chemical enhancers. These results suggest that the degree of enhancement possibly depends on the structure and hydrophilicity of the counter ions.
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