Abstract
This article reports the results of research on the concentration of particulate matter (PM) in two places in one village named Kotórz Mały (Poland). The main point of the research was to check the influence scale of different low-emission source forms as components of the anthropogenic factor driving the changes in local air quality. Measurements were made over five cold seasons. To investigate the dust concentrations, the gravimetric and optical method was used. The weather conditions were measured with portable weather stations. It was found that the character of individual heating systems had a major influence on local air quality. The presence of a permanent state of the troposphere and temperature inversion led to the inhibition of pollution dispersion processes and significant local changes, exceeding the recommended PM2.5 concentrations limit. The effects of policy still don’t influence air quality trends in the Polish village. The main problem of high concentrations of PM2.5 is the old generation of individual heating systems and the lack of significant support from local and national authorities. For the terms considered and the period of observation, meteorological measurements can be considered a sufficient foundation for the estimation of the occurrence of worrying conditions.
Highlights
The available works concerned with the subject of air pollution focus primarily on data presentation with regard to air quality in urban and industrialized areas [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] or areas exposed to the impact of heavy road transport [8]
In several papers [10,16,17,18,19,20,21] it was remarked that, in the cold season, the principal source of particulate matter (PM) emission is associated with the combustion of conventional fuels in domestic heating systems
–0.8 ◦ C, and almost 46% of the days were characterized by low wind speeds (
Summary
The available works concerned with the subject of air pollution focus primarily on data presentation with regard to air quality in urban and industrialized areas [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] or areas exposed to the impact of heavy road transport [8]. Occasional increase in rural aerosol concentrations were mostly attributed to the transportation of particles from polluted urban or industrial areas and remote natural sources [12]. This cannot be challenged and is confirmed by a number of observations [13,14,15]. The air quality in rural areas is largely affected by local emission sources This issue is better recognized nowadays; over the last decade the number of papers reporting results of studies conducted in the areas of compact rural buildings and small villages has increased. The authors mentioned clearly state that the combustion of biomass has a considerable effect on the local level
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