Abstract
The series of mixed-mode stationary phases with varying polyelectrolyte hydrophilicity and attachment density to poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) surfaces was synthesized. The influence of resins hydrophilicity and substrate shielding degree on the chromatographic properties of obtained phases in ion chromatography (IC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) modes was investigated. The stationary phase with more hydrophilic amine, namely N-methylethanolamine, in polyelectrolyte structure allowed simultaneous separation of highly polarizable anions and standard inorganic ones in IC mode, various polar analytes in HILIC mode, and nitro- and chloro-phenols as well as alkylbenzenes in RP-HPLC mode. Covering the substrate surface with polyethyleneimine prior to polyelectrolyte attachment turned out to be the most effective way to increase the hydrophilicity and shielding degree. The application of this approach resulted in growing the separation ability toward nucleosides and nucleobases as compared to previously obtained mixed-mode stationary phases based on the same substrate. The retention mechanism of phenols on polymer-based polyelectrolyte-grafted resins was studied for the first time.
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