Influence of Human And Spatial Crowding On Consumer Satisfaction Through Attractiveness As A Mediation Variable In Noodle Restaurant

Consequences of Perceived Crowding: A Meta-Analytical Perspective

Crowding in the physical environment of restaurants are common in popular restaurants. Human crowding refers to the large number of visitors in the restaurant. And spatial crowding refers to the dense physical environment of a restaurant, such as a large number of tables and chairs and decorations or restaurant design ornaments that are dense enough to make the restaurant look narrower. Through this density and crowding, restaurants must provide a good image or reputation to increase consumer attachment, satisfaction, and repurchase intentions. Data was collected using an online questionnaire and distributed to 200 respondents from spicy noodle restaurant consumers. Furthermore, data analysis uses SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square) with the help of WarpPLS 8.0 software. The results showed that human and spatial crowding affects brand image, brand image affects brand attachment and customer satisfaction, brand attachment and customer satisfaction affect repurchase intention, and human and spatial crowding influence repurchase intention through brand image, brand attachment, and customer satisfaction as mediation. Based on this study's results, the operant hoped that the restaurant can determine strategies by considering variables and indicators that can increase customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct impact of shopping experience of tourists on their satisfaction with shopping, while perceived crowding is used as a moderator in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The proposed conceptual model was tested by an empirical study where the data were collected from 411 German tourists, visiting Kaleiçi, Antalya-Turkey. Findings The study results revealed that tourist shopping experience (consisting of education, esthetic, entertainment and escapism dimensions) significantly determines satisfaction with shopping. Moreover, crowding perception has a two-dimensional structure, as human and spatial crowding. Human crowding, which reflects high human density, is found to negatively moderate the effect of shopping experience on satisfaction, where spatial crowding, which is related to high space density, does not influence this relationship. Originality/value This study exceptionally shows that crowding perceptions of German tourists in shopping are affected by both human and spatial crowding. In addition, the moderating role of perceived crowding is clarified in the relationship between shopping experience and satisfaction.

ABSTRACTHuman crowding at a festival can affect visitor satisfaction differently to spatial crowding. Festival visitors perceive human crowding as a situation in which the festival is full of people. Spatial crowding, on the other hand, is perceived as restricting movement. We hypothesized that human crowding affects visitor satisfaction in a positive way (by increasing positive affect and decreasing negative affect), whereas spatial crowding affects visitor satisfaction in a negative way (by decreasing positive affect and increasing negative affect). We tested these hypotheses using data collected through an on-site survey at the 2012 Seoul Lantern Festival in South Korea: 423 visitors attending the festival completed the survey. The survey results supported the hypotheses. Managerial implications of the findings are also discussed.

Digitalization services are a banking innovation in providing fast services that can be accessed anytime and anywhere to consumers. Bank BRI Sisimangaraja is one of the banks developing this digitalization service innovation. Consumer satisfaction is the main factor that must be considered by a service provider company, especially banking, to maintain the company's survival. Therefore, in order to achieve consumer satisfaction, digitalization services are carried out well and correctly. The aim of this research is to find out whether the digitalization of banking services has an effect on bank consumer satisfaction. In accordance with research, there are four elements of measuring banking digitalization services that influence consumer satisfaction, namely speed, accuracy, comfort and security. This research uses quantitative research methods with multiple linear regression analysis. The respondents in this research were 120 people who were active customers of Bank BRI Sisimangaraja. The research results obtained from this research show that speed has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. The size of the regression coefficient is 0.221, meaning that speed influences consumer satisfaction by 0.221 units. Accuracy has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. The size of the regression coefficient is 0.267, meaning that accuracy influences consumer satisfaction by 0.267 units. Convenience has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. The size of the regression coefficient is 0.452, meaning that comfort influences consumer satisfaction by 0.452 units. Security has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. The size of the regression coefficient is 0.710, meaning that security influences consumer satisfaction by 0.710 units. In this way, speed, accuracy, comfort and security have a significant effect simultaneously (together) on the consumer satisfaction variable. Based on the results of the table analysis, the adjusted R square value is 0.479. This means that the influence of service and product quality contributes a joint influence of 47.9% to the consumer satisfaction variable, while the remaining 52.1% is influenced by other variables.

The influence of shopper's perception of the physical environmental factors on impulse buying at the retail level has attracted the attention of researchers since the last three decades but the role of perceived crowding and in-store browsing attracted little attention. This paper attempts to develop and empirically valid a model to investigate the role of perceived crowding and in-store browsing in impulse buying along with the psychological variables. Mall-intercept survey technique was used to collect data from 335 participants from 18 branches of a supermarket chain in different parts of Kolkata. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Contrary to prior research the relationship between human crowding and other variables in the model was not supported whereas spatial crowding was found to have significant negative impact in impulse buying. The findings are discussed along with managerial implications and scopes for future research.

Perceived crowding and festival experience: The moderating effect of visitor-to-visitor interaction

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of Service Quality on consumer satisfaction moderated by government policies during the covid 19 pandemic. The method used in this study is to use the explanatory approach. The population in this study were students in the city of Medan. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 140 people. Data collection techniques used in this study using a questionnaire technique/questionnaire. Data analysis techniques in this study using descriptive statistical analysis and data analysis with partial least square (PLS). Data processing in this study using Smart PLS 3 Software program. The results of this study showed that Tangibels has a positive and insignificant influence on consumer satisfaction, Assurance has a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction, Responsiveness has a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction, Empathy has a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction, Reability has a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction, Tangibels has a positive and insignificant influence on, Assurance has positive and insignificant influence on consumer satisfaction moderated by government policy, Responsiveness has positive and insignificant influence on consumer satisfaction moderated by government policy, Empathy has positive and insignificant influence on consumer satisfaction moderated by government policy, Reability has positive and insignificant influence on consumer satisfaction moderated by government policy.

Service or service issues also determine development business in business. Good service and as expected will give satisfaction to consumers. This study aims to determine the effect of product quality, price and service quality on consumer satisfaction at Lesehan Jamik, Bengkulu City. At the present time marketing using product quality improvement, affordable prices and quality service. This study uses quantitative research methods, the population in this study is consumers, through a given questionnaire.The technique in taking the research sample using the accidental sampling technique is a technique of determining a sample based on chance, the sample in this study was 120 customers at Lesehan Jamik 123 Kota Bengkulu. Data collection used instruments in the form of questionnaires and the analytical method used was multiple linear regression, determination test and hypothesis testing. Research Results There is a positive and significant influence between Product Quality on Consumer Satisfaction at Lesehan Jamik Bengkulu City, which means that the better the product quality, the more Customer Satisfaction will be increased. There is a positive and significant influence between price and consumer satisfaction at Lesehan Jamik, Bengkulu City, which means that the affordable price of a product will increase customer satisfaction. There is a positive and significant influence between Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction, which means that the better the service quality, the higher the customer satisfaction. There is a positive and significant influence between Product Quality, Price and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction that the better the product quality, price and service quality, the more people or consumers talk about the superiority of a product.

The mineral water industry in Indonesia continues to grow with increasing public awareness of the importance of health and a healthy lifestyle. Mineral water products are no longer considered a luxury item, but rather a basic necessity that must be available every day. With increasingly fierce competition between brands, consumers' decision to purchase a product depends on several key factors, such as price, product quality, and satisfaction. The study intends to determine the influence of price and product quality on purchasing decisions, using the mediation of consumer satisfaction. This study uses a quantitative research method, this research sample is people who have bought pure life mineral water in Yogyakarta with a sample number of 123. This research was tested using SEM-PLS. The results of this research are: 1) There is no positive and significant influence of Price on Consumer Satisfaction.2) There is a significant direct influence of product quality on consumer satisfaction. 3) There is no positive and significant influence of Price, on the decision to purchase the product. 4) There is no positive and significant influence of Product Quality on Purchase Decisions. 5) There is a significant direct influence of Consumer Satisfaction on Purchase Decisions. 6) There is no positive and significant influence of Price on Purchase Decisions mediated by the Consumer Library. 7) There is a significant direct influence of Product Quality on Purchase Decisions mediated by Consumer Satisfaction).

This study aims to find out if the Role of Consumer Satisfaction as a Mediator Between The Perception of Service Quality and Price Perception positively and significantly affects Consumer Loyalty. The population in this study is GOJEK Online Transportation Service Users In Bogor City with a sample number of 210 people. This research was conducted using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) analysis using SPSS 23 and LISREL 8.8 Software. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Service Quality Perception has a positive influence and significantly on Consumer Satisfaction as a mediator with a t-Value value of 4.55 > Critical Ratio (CR) value of 1.96. (2) Price Perception has a positive influence and significantly on Consumer Satisfaction as a mediator with a t-Value value of 7.69 > Critical Ratio (CR) value of 1.96. (3) Service Quality Perception has a positive and significant influence on Consumer Loyalty with a t-Value of 2.64 > Critical Ratio (CR) value of 1.96. (4) Price Perception has a positive and significant influence on Consumer Loyalty with a t-Value of 2.13 > a Critical Ratio (CR) value of 1.96. (5) Customer Satisfaction as a mediator has a positive and significant influence on Consumer Loyalty with a t-Value of 4.09 > a Critical Ratio (CR) value of 1.96. (6) Service Quality Perception has a positive and significant influence on Consumer Loyalty through Consumer Satisfaction as a mediator with a t-Value value of 3.33 > Critical Ratio (CR) value of 1.96. (7) Price Perception has a positive and significant influence on Consumer Loyalty through Consumer Satisfaction as a mediator with a t-Value value of 3.93 > a Critical Ratio (CR) value of 1.96.

This research studies the effect of subjective ambivalence and perceived vulnerability on in-store behaviours (i.e. decision postponement, store switching, and purchase abandonment). We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 290 Tunisian consumers and 318 Colombian consumers. Subjective ambivalence mediated the effect of human and spatial crowding on in-store behaviours in the Tunisian sample and the effect of spatial crowding on such behaviours in the Colombian sample. The indirect effects of human and spatial crowding on store switching and purchase abandonment were positively moderated by perceived vulnerability in the Tunisian sample. To create safer shopping experiences after the COVID-19 crisis, managers may transition towards phygital stores to alleviate the perception of crowding, and disseminate clear messages informing customers about the implemented safety measures.

The current COVID-19 pandemic, and the related social distancing policies adopted in many countries, are deeply affecting consumers’ perceptions towards crowding. This study tries to understand in particular if the perceived human and spatial crowding might increase consumers’ health risk, with an impact on intentions to buy, and if corporate reputation can reduce such impact. As tourism and hospitality is one the sectors most susceptible to the current COVID-19 health crisis, we focus our empirical study on the cruise industry. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of cruise passengers using a structured questionnaire submitted online. Overall, 447 individuals’ responses were used for understanding such relationships by performing a regression model. The results indicate that both human and spatial crowding seem to influence people’s perceived health risk, while corporate reputation does not seem to reduce such deterring impact. The study presents several managerial implications for different service industries, as in the cruise package the customer can find many different services, from restaurant to shopping. The results, in fact, may be useful for better understanding how to cope with COVID-19.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between service quality, consumer experience and consumer satisfaction through consumer trust. The population in this study is JNE consumer and the sample size collected was 150 respondents. The sample selection was carried out nonprobability through a questionnaire. Data analysis using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The results of this study indicate that (1) consumer trust has a significant and positive influence on consumer satisfaction. (2) Service quality has a significant and positive influence on consumer trust. (3) service quality has a significant and positive influence on consumer satisfaction. (4) consumer experience has a significant and positive influence on consumer trust. (5) consumer experience has a significant and positive influence on consumer trust. (6) consumer experience has a significant and positive influence on consumer satisfaction. (7) service quality has a significant and positive influence on consumer satisfaction.

This research aims to determine the influence of perceived usefulness, price and brand trus on consumer satisfaction with the Indriver application (case study of marketing concentration management study program students at Simalungun Pematangsiantar University).This research was obtained from management study economics students who used the InDriver application that perceived usefulness, price and brand support increased consumer satisfaction in using the application. The sample used was 90 users who had used the Indriver service application who live in Pematangsiantar City. This research uses associative descriptive. Researchers use associative descriptive methods because in this research they will test the relationship model between variables and describe the research object, and test hypotheses using multiple linear regression analysis to explain phenomena in the form of relationships between two or more variables. The research results found that perceived usefulness, price and brand truts have a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction, perceived usefulness has a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction, price has a positive influence on consumer satisfaction, brand truts has a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction .