Abstract
This study seeks to find the influence of replacing a portion of the asphalt–rubber binder with the bio-based material “guayule resin.” This replacement could be beneficial in terms of sustainability, economics, and environmental concerns related to the asphalt industry. Nine asphalt–rubber–guayule binders were investigated to find their rheological properties. Consecutively, the study proceeded with five selected binders being compared to the original asphalt (PG64-22). Investigations underwent whole matrices (crumb rubber modifier (CRM) residue included) and liquid phases (CRM residue extracted). Additionally, these properties were partially sought for their corresponding asphalt–rubber binders to compare and judge the contribution of the guayule resin. Likewise, a thermo-gravimetric analysis was done for the guayule resin to recognize its moisture and composition complexity. Such an analysis was also done for the as-received CRM and some extracted CRMs to determine the release and residue of rubber components. Outcomes showed that the guayule resin has the potential to compensate the performance required against the original asphalt at elevated temperatures while greatly decreasing the asphalt cement proportion. For instance, a blend of 62.5% asphalt, 12.5% CRM, and 25% guayule resin provided better performance than that of the original asphalt.
Highlights
One of the guayule plant derivatives is guayule resin, which represents a by-product.This by-product is inevitably extracted during guayule natural rubber production as a by-product [1].Each one kilogram of the produced rubber, at the very least, corresponds to one kilogram of resin [2].The current value of guayule resin is almost nothing
This study aimed to investigate the potential of replacing a large portion of the original asphalt
Attempts of different proportions of asphalt and guayule in addition to the crumb rubber modifier (CRM) as an enhancer were were made. Investigations related to their corresponding asphalt–rubber binders were made
Summary
One of the guayule plant derivatives is guayule resin, which represents a by-product.This by-product is inevitably extracted during guayule natural rubber production as a by-product [1].Each one kilogram of the produced rubber, at the very least, corresponds to one kilogram of resin [2].The current value of guayule resin is almost nothing. One of the guayule plant derivatives is guayule resin, which represents a by-product. This by-product is inevitably extracted during guayule natural rubber production as a by-product [1]. Some researchers see that about 25–50% savings in the guayule rubber production could be attributed to the exploitation of other associated by-products such as resin, bagasse, wax, seed, and leaves [3]. Guayule resin is composed of volatile (3–5%) and non-volatile fractions (85–97%) [1,4,5]. In other words, it consists of complex mixtures of terpenes, fatty acid triglycerides, and sesquiterpenes [1,4,6,7]
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