Abstract
<p>In recent years, functional foods have attracted much interest to prevent nutrition-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and weight gain. In this regard, this study was designed to examine the effect of use sweet white lupin (SWL) oil and flour with/without germination as a source of active healthy components to prepare functional biscuits for lowering blood lipids and growth. Functional biscuits were formulated by replacing wheat flour and butter in biscuit formulae by SWL extracted flour and SWL oil in the range of 20-30% (w/w) and 30-40% (v/w), respectively. Results indicated that the feed of hyperlipidemic rats on diets supplemented with different functional SWL biscuits for 6 weeks significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, ratio of total cholesterol/high density lipoproteins cholesterol, ratio of low density lipoproteins/high density lipoproteins cholesterol and atherogenic index. Furthermore, the feed of functional SWL biscuits significantly reduced the body weight gain of rats and their food efficiency compared to that of rats fed on hyperlipidemic diet. On the other hand, there was an increase in the value of high density lipoproteins cholesterol and its ratio with total cholesterol. All these findings supported that the addition of 25% germinated SWL flour and 35% or 40% germinated SWL oil in biscuits gave interested results compared to the common wheat biscuits. Therefore, the proposed functional SWL biscuits could be able to regulate the blood cholesterol and the body growth levels of individuals and patients.</p>
Highlights
Hyperlipidemia is a general term for the high concentrations of any or all types of the lipids in serum that include cholesterol low density lipoproteins (LDL-cholesterol; low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-c)), cholesterol very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-cholesterol; very low density lipoproteins cholesterol (VLDL-c)), cholesterol high density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol; high density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-c)), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) (National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), 2002)
Feeding on the diets enriched with biscuits composed of wheat flour and ungerminated/germinated sweet white lupin (SWL) oil and SWL flour decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the daily body weight gain (DBWG) in the range from 1.28±0.30 g to 2.19±0.31 g compared to the positive control
The highest value of daily food intake (DFI) (15.42±0.5 g) was observed in group 9 of rats fed on hyperlipidemic diet contained 10% of germinated SWL formula F7 (25% oil and 40% flour) followed by group 8 (15.12±0.35 g) of rats fed on hyperlipidemic diet contained 10% of germinated SWL formula F6 (25% oil and 35% flour)
Summary
Hyperlipidemia is a general term for the high concentrations of any or all types of the lipids in serum (lipid profile) that include cholesterol low density lipoproteins (LDL-cholesterol; LDL-c), cholesterol very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-cholesterol; VLDL-c), cholesterol high density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol; HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) (National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), 2002). The changes in eating habits including high fat and low fiber diets increased the risk of obesity and overweight. Risk of these diseases increases steadily with increasing the values of body mass index (BMI) or food efficiency ratio (FER). The presence of isoflavones that have potentially harmful effects on humans (Sirtori, 2001) reduced the impact of soybeans Other seeds such as peas, lentils, chickpeas, beans and lupin are investigated due to their chemical composition and great potential in the prevention of lipid disorders (Duranti, 2006; Sirtori et al, 2004; Smith et al, 2006). More than 300 lupin species were described, but www.ccsenet.org/jfr
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