Abstract
The objective of the present paper was to determine the influence of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women. The study was a fixed-sequence, two-phase, crossover study. Twelve subjects received a single oral dose of 300 mL of a soy beverage. Blood samples were collected before the dose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 32 h after the administration of the soy beverage. After a washout period of at least 1 week, subjects were assigned to receive oral doses of FOS, 5 g each time, twice a day (after breakfast and dinner) for 14 days, followed by a single oral dose of the same soy beverage on the next day. Blood samples were then collected at the same time points mentioned previously. Plasma isoflavone concentrations were determined by HPLC. Continuous oral administrations of FOS followed by a single oral administration of soy beverage caused significant increases in C max, AUC0–32, and AUC0–∞ of genistein and AUC0–32 of daidzein, comparing to those obtained following a single oral dose of soy beverage alone. Other pharmacokinetic parameters (T max and t 1/2 of both aglycones and AUC0–∞ of daidzein) between both regimens were not significantly different.
Highlights
Decreased estrogen level demonstrated in postmenopausal women commonly relates to a variety of disorders, for example, hot flushes, osteoporosis, depression, increased body weight, and so forth
Continuous oral administrations of FOS followed by a single oral administration of soy beverage caused significant increases in Cmax, AUC0–32, and AUC0–∞ of genistein and AUC0–32 of daidzein, comparing to those obtained following a single oral dose of soy beverage alone
The incidence of endometrial cancer can be avoided by using estrogen plus progestin [4], this combination increases the risks of stroke, pulmonary embolism, and invasive breast cancer [5]
Summary
Decreased estrogen level demonstrated in postmenopausal women commonly relates to a variety of disorders, for example, hot flushes, osteoporosis, depression, increased body weight, and so forth. Estrogen therapy has been demonstrated to benefit postmenopausal women mostly through the relief of vasomotor symptoms as well as for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis [2]. The incidence of endometrial cancer can be avoided by using estrogen plus progestin [4], this combination increases the risks of stroke, pulmonary embolism, and invasive breast cancer [5]. Both postmenopausal women and physicians remain concerned about the adverse effects of estrogen and are looking for natural products that possess beneficial effects similar to estrogen but have more favorable safety profiles. Phytoestrogens offer attractive options because they have been demonstrated to decrease the risk of endometrial and breast cancer, avoid the need for progestin, have fewer adverse reactions, and still provide health benefits [6]
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