INFLUENCE OF CELLULOSE ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED GEOPOLYMERS

Nanoparticles and nanocomposites have emerged as transformative materials due to their superior physicochemical, mechanical, catalytic, and biological properties. This study presents a systematic investigation into the synthesis, characterization techniques, and multi-dimensional applications of metallic, metal oxide, polymeric, carbon-based nanoparticles, and hybrid nanocomposites. Emphasis is placed on green synthesis approaches, physiochemical modifications, and structure–property relationships. Characterization tools such as XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, AFM, TGA, DLS, and Raman spectroscopy are examined in detail to understand morphological, structural, optical, and thermal behaviors. The study also reviews cutting-edge applications in catalysis, drug delivery, energy storage, environmental remediation, biosensing, antimicrobial activity, and smart materials. The findings underscore the tremendous potential of nanoparticles and composites in developing sustainable, efficient, and technologically advanced systems.

Microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of pure and zinc-doped copper ferrite nanoparticles: Structural, morphological, optical, vibrational, and magnetic behavior

In this work, photoactive polymer film coatings were prepared using the breath figure (BF) method, starting from a poly(tert-butyl acrylate-styrene block), PtBA-block-PS and a photochromic agent, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethylindoline-6-nitrobenzopyran (SP) grafted onto the poly(tert-butyl acrylate) block. The effects upon the composite film behavior in response to the solvent concentration, type of solvent and relative humidity were studied. Films containing homogeneously dispersed micrometre-sized pores were obtained. The optical and morphological behavior were investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The films obtained have various potential applications as surface coating materials with color changing properties, such as whiteboards, device displays or advertising surfaces.

ZnO nanorods were grown on glass substrate has been systematically investigated by varying Mn doping concentrations. The nanorods have been developed by a simple hydrothermal method on the ZnO seed layers which were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The influences of Mn on the morphological, structural and optical behavior were observed by measuring Scanning Electron Microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. It is found that the nanorods growth without any orientation. Interestingly, all the nanorods under investigated exhibit a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with strong absorption in UV region and a high transparency in the visible region suggesting that optical properties of ZnO nanorods have been modified by Mn doping.

Hard and optically transparent nanocomposite Al-Si-N thin films were deposited using DC magnetron sputtering at different process parameters. There was a significant effect of these parameters on the film properties affecting its mechanical and optical behavior. The nitrogen content or pressure, deposition pressure and substrate temperature strongly influence the phase formation which governs the hardness and optical transparency of the coating. Hardness was measured between 18 and 30 GPa. The band gap could be varied in the range of 3.8-4.2 eV by varying nitrogen pressures in the chamber during deposition. The films showed (0-80)% transparency in UV and visible region depending on the sputtering conditions.

Influence of Te replacement by Bi in In10Se70Te20-xBix films and its structural, optical, morphological, surface wettability and thermal behaviors for optoelectronic applications

Surface layer morphology of the high fluence Fe implanted polyethylene - Correlation with the magnetic and optical behavior

Graphene effects on the structural, morphological and optical properties of PEDOT:PSS thin films

Facile deposition of ZnO:Cu films: Structural and optical characterization

Cellulose acetate (CA) is a synthetic compound that is derived from the acetylation of cellulose. CA is well known as it has been used for many commercial products such as textiles, plastic films, and cigarette filters. In this research, antibacterial CA composites were produced by addition of aluminum nitride (AlN) at different weight percentage, from 0 wt. % to 20 wt. %. The surface characterization was performed using laser microscope, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composite were analyzed. Although the mechanical strength tended to decrease as the concentration of AlN increased and needed to be optimized, the melting temperature (Tm) and glass transition temperature (Tg) showed a shift toward higher values as the AlN concentration increased leading to an improvement in thermal properties. AlN additions in weight percentages >10 wt. % led to appreciable antibacterial properties against S. epidermidis and E. coli bacteria. Antibacterial CA/AlN composites with higher thermal stability have potential applications as alternative materials for plastic packaging in the food industry.

Abstract A series of poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes reinforced with hydroxyapatite in various weight percent — 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% were prepared. Hydroxyapatite was prepared by a sol-gel procedure using diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as starting materials in an alkaline aqueous environment and then mixed with a solution of poly(vinyl alcohol), which was prepared by dissolving it in water at 85°C. The different mixtures were cast in a mould and evaporated for 7 days at a temperature of 30°C to obtain 1 mm thin membranes. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the different functional groups in the composites. The surface morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. In vitro bioactivity tests in Simulated Blood Fluid were performed for up to 28 days, especially for the membrane containing 50 wt.% HA. SEM was used to characterise the surface microstructure of biocomposite membranes before and after soaking in SBF. It was observed that the formation of clusters in membranes increases with increasing amount of HA. The clusters are formed due to agglomeration and crystal growth of HA particles during drying of the membranes. The in vitro bioactivity was found to increase with soaking time of biocomposite materials in simulated blood fluid. Graphical abstract

Heat of Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide on a Pt/Rh/CeO2/Al2O3Three-Way Catalyst Usingin-SituInfrared Spectroscopy at High Temperatures

The effect of molarity on geopolymer materials in epoxy hardener was studied under mechanical testing, which is using the flexural test. A series of epoxy filled with 10%-30% weight percentage geopolymer materials with different molarity which is white clay were prepared. Flexural strength of the epoxy filled geopolymer materials is determined using Instron Universal Testing under flexural mode. It was found that the flexural strength for 4 M samples are increases from 10% weight percentage to 20% weight percentage of geopolymer content. However, flexural properties of white clay with 4 M geopolymer suddenly decrease at 30% weight percentage compared to the samples of 8 M and 12 M, which the strength is continuing to increase with the increasing of weight percentage of geopolymer content. The results indicated that the blending of geopolymer materials in epoxy system can be obtained in this study.

In this study, the effect of geopolymer materials in epoxy hardener was studied under mechanical testing which is using flexural test. A series of epoxy filled with 10%-30% weight percentage geopolymer materials which are white clay, fly ash and silica sand was prepared. Flexural strength of the epoxy filled geopolymer materials is determined using Instron Universal Testing under flexural mode. It was found that the addition of these geopolymer materials into epoxy at the beginning with 10% weight percentage showing lower flexural strength than epoxy without geopolymer materials filled. However, flexural properties suddenly increased at 20% weight percentage of white clay and fly ash based geopolymer but tend to decrease at 30% weight percentage compared to silica sand based geopolymer which the strength is continue to decline with the increasing of weight percentage of silica sand. The results indicated that the blending of geopolymer materials in epoxy system can be obtained in this study.

Defect states in graphene oxide mixed nanostructured calcium cobalt oxide