Abstract
In neat nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), three relaxation processes were identified by impedance spectroscopy: α and α′ processes and the conduction contribution. We investigated the effects of different carbon black (CB) and silica fillers with varying filler content on the dielectric relaxations in NBR by employing a modified dispersion analysis program that deconvolutes the corresponding processes. The central frequency for the α′ process with increasing high abrasion furnace (HAF) CB filler was gradually upshifted at room temperature, while the addition of silica led to a gradual downshift of the center frequency. The activation energy behavior for the α′ process was different from that for the central frequency. The use of HAF CB led to a rapid increase in DC conductivity, resulting from percolation. The activation energy for the DC conductivity of NBRs with HAF CB decreased with increasing filler, which is consistent with that reported in different groups.
Highlights
IntroductionThe reinforcement of elastomers improves physical properties such as tear strength, tensile strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, and thermal properties
Comparing the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of neat Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and NBRs with fillers, we see that the shape and distributions of the filler were identified
A prominent feature in NBR-H60 is the formation of a percolation channel or network
Summary
The reinforcement of elastomers improves physical properties such as tear strength, tensile strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, and thermal properties. A wide variety of particulate fillers are used in the rubbery polymer industry for various purposes, of which the most important are reinforcement, reduction in material costs, and improvements in processing [5,6]. Physical properties such as volume swelling, density, chemical stability, and heat resistance of rubber vulcanizates are improved through incorporation with fillers such as carbon black (CB) [7] and silica [8]
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