Abstract
The paper presents the influence of the surface anodizing parameters of the aluminum alloy EN AW-5251 on the physicochemical properties of the oxide layers produced on it. Micrographs of the surface of the oxide layers were taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of cross-sections from the oxide layers was studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The phase structure of the Al2O3 layers was determined by the pattern method using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The nanomorphology of the oxide layers were analyzed based on microscopic photographs using the ImageJ 1.50i program. The energetic state of the layers was based on the surface-free energy (SFE), calculated from measurements of contact angles using the Owens-Wendt method. The highest surface-free energy value (49.12 mJ/m2) was recorded for the sample produced at 293 K, 3 A/dm2, in 60 min. The lowest surface-free energy value (31.36 mJ/m2) was recorded for the sample produced at 283 K, 1 A/dm2, in 20 min (the only hydrophobic layer). The highest average value nanopore area (2358.7 nm2) was recorded for the sample produced at 303 K, 4 A/dm2, in 45 min. The lowest average value nanopore area (183 nm2) was recorded for the sample produced at 313 K, 1 A/dm2, in 20 min.
Highlights
Aluminum alloys are used increasingly in manufacturing engineering because of their favorable design parameters, good thermal conductivity and low price [1,2]
Based on the conducted tests, it can be concluded that a change in the surface anodizing process parameters of the aluminum influences the morphology and surface-free energy of the oxide layers
The smallest values of surface-free energy were found in the layers produced at the extreme current and temperature parameters
Summary
Aluminum alloys are used increasingly in manufacturing engineering because of their favorable design parameters, good thermal conductivity and low price [1,2]. Aluminum alloys are used in the automotive, aerospace, and machine industries. The mechanical strength and corrosion protection of aluminum alloys are increased when oxide layers are formed on their surface. Oxide layers are formed using the electrochemical anodic oxidizing process [3,4,5,6,7]. The essence of the electrochemical anodic oxidizing process is that the Al2 O3 layers are formed at the expense of a loss of the aluminum alloy substrate. The result is an effective adhesion of the layers to the substrate. The most common method of oxidizing the surface of aluminum alloys is the DC anodizing process. At the beginning of the DC anodizing process, observations of the voltage show that initially the voltage increases rapidly to a maximum value, decreases to a minimum value, and subsequently increases slowly
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